1918-1929年英法关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 12:09

本文选题：英国外交政策 + 和平战略　；参考：《首都师范大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：本篇博士论文主要研究的是20世纪20年代的英法关系,论文共分六章。第一章,论文详细回顾了英法两国外交大战略形成的历史和原因,主要从地理政治学角度阐述英法外交政策的核心内容。由于英国是处于欧洲大陆之外的岛国,这一地理位置决定了它的外交大战略的内容:积极向海洋扩张,经营自己的版图和实力,同时对欧洲大陆采取均势政策,防止超霸型国家出现,威胁英伦三岛的安全和英国的优势地位;作为大陆国家代表的法国,则被称为“六角国”,四周边境长期被曾经强大的邻居德国、意大利、西班牙包围。法国边界走势是开放型的,缺乏战略纵深,曾长期遭受异族入侵,边境安全问题严峻, 所以法国一直寻求维护本国“天然疆界”的“安全战略”。第二章,论述了第一次世界大战结束后,英法传统外交战略在战后和平安排中继续延续。英国对欧洲的外交战略依旧是欧洲均势,而其战略背后的根本目的是确保欧洲的和平稳定,反对法国过分压制德国,以便尽快使欧洲经济和市场正常化,为英国经济的恢复和发展提供机会,这些内容成为英国“和平战略” 出台的背景。法国的安全战略是维护边界安全,为达到此目的,它力主彻底从政治、经济和军事上压垮德国,确立法国在欧洲大陆的霸权地位,确保自己获得真正的安全。由于战略目标的差异,双方在巴黎和会上进行了激烈争斗,虽然最终达成了妥协,签订了《凡尔赛和约》,但双方战略冲突没有得到根本解决, 为以后两国在欧洲和平与重建问题上的矛盾留下隐患。第三章,详细阐述英国和平战略是如何初步实施的。巴黎和会后,英国一方面满足法国在赔偿问题上的部分要求,一方面为恢复欧洲经济而努力,但都没有产生预想的效果。1923年由于在赔款问题上僵持不下,法国联合比利时派兵占领鲁尔。英国在危机初期对法采取协调政策,随着危机的加深,英国感到法国的行动有可能危及欧洲均势和破坏欧洲经济的恢复步伐,遂对法国采取了遏制政策,迫使法国走上英国构想的欧洲重建轨道。英国和平战略初步实施取得成效。法国在这一时期先是与英国采取协调政策,力图通过协商解决赔款与安全问题。但当英国扶德抑法意图越来越明显时,法国遂逐渐放弃与英国的协作关系,派兵强行占领鲁尔,这一行为造成战后两国关系的严重对抗。最终法国由于国内严重的财政危机,不得不放弃对英国的强硬政策,与英国再度走上协商合作的道路。第四章,英国和平战略虽然得以实施,但是法德关于赔偿问题的矛盾仍会造成更大的冲突。1924年,在美国的支持下,英国连同欧洲相关大国缔结了旨在解决德国赔偿问题,恢复德国经济稳定的《道威斯计划》,该计划也是英国力图维护欧洲经济稳定的重要措施。在出台《道威斯计划》的过程中,英国压制了法国,扶植了德国,进一步调整了欧洲的均势并维持了和平,和平战略得以
[Abstract]:This doctoral dissertation mainly deals with the Anglo French relations in 1920s. The thesis is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter reviews the history and causes of the great diplomatic strategy of Britain and France.
From the perspective of geopolitics, the core content of foreign policy of Britain and France is expounded.
The geographical position of an island nation determines the content of its diplomatic strategy: actively expanding into the ocean and operating it.
Its own territory and strength, at the same time, adopt a balance of power policy on the European continent to prevent the emergence of superpower countries.
The security of the British island and the superiority of the United Kingdom; France, as the representative of the mainland, is known as "six".
The border area has been surrounded by powerful neighbours, Germany, Italy and Spain for a long time.
The trend is open and lacks strategic depth. It has been subjected to alien invasions for a long time, and border security is grim.
So France has been seeking to safeguard its "natural boundary" security strategy.
The second chapter discusses the diplomatic strategy of Britain and France after World War I after World War II and peace.
Britain's diplomatic strategy toward Europe is still the balance of power in Europe, and the fundamental behind its strategy.
The aim is to ensure peace and stability in Europe, and oppose France's excessive suppression of Germany so as to enable the European economy as soon as possible.
The normalization of the market provides opportunities for the recovery and development of the British economy. These contents become the "peace strategy" of Britain.
The background of France's security strategy is to safeguard the border security. In order to achieve this goal, France is committed to the ultimate goal.
Germany, politically, economically and militarily, established France's hegemony in the European continent and ensured its success.
Because of the differences in strategic objectives, the two sides have fought fiercely in Paris and at the meeting.
Eventually, a compromise was reached and the Versailles peace treaty was signed, but the strategic conflict between the two sides was not fundamentally resolved.
There is a hidden danger for the two countries' conflicts on the issue of peace and reconstruction in Europe.
The third chapter elaborates on how the British peace strategy was initially implemented. After Paris and the meeting, the United Kingdom
It will meet some of the demands of France on compensation, while on the one hand it will strive to restore the European economy, but both
It did not produce the desired effect. In.1923, France was united Belgian school because of its deadlock on the indemnity issue.
The British took the policy of coordinating the law at the beginning of the crisis.
France's actions may jeopardize the balance of Europe and destroy the pace of European economic recovery.
The containment policy forced France to embark on the European reconstruction track conceived by Britain.
In the meantime, France adopted a coordinated policy with the United Kingdom, trying to resolve the indemnity through negotiation.
Security. However, when the intention of British anti German law became more and more obvious, France gradually gave up its association with Britain.
The relationship between the two countries was forced to occupy Ruhr, which resulted in a serious confrontation between the two countries after the war.
Because of the serious financial crisis in China, China has to abandon its tough policy towards Britain and move on again with Britain.
The path of consultation and cooperation.
In the fourth chapter, although the British peace strategy is implemented, the conflict between France and Germany on compensation will continue.
A greater conflict. In.1924, with the support of the United States, Britain and the European powers came to the conclusion.
The plan is also a British power to solve the German compensation problem and restore Germany's economic stability.
The plan is an important measure to maintain economic stability in Europe.
France, supporting Germany, further adjusted the balance of power in Europe and maintained peace.

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K151

【引证文献】