盎格鲁—撒克逊法探析

发布时间：2018-05-04 14:37

本文选题：盎格鲁-撒克逊 + 法律　；参考：《华东师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：罗马人撤出不列颠之时,来自欧洲大陆北部的日耳曼部落相继移居不列颠,其中占据主体的是盎格鲁人(Angels)、撒克逊人(Saxons)和朱特人(Jutes)等三个部落,常常被统称作“盎格鲁-撒克逊人’(Anglo-Saxons)。随着盎格鲁-撒克逊人皈依基督教,教会输入欧洲大陆的观念和技术,开始将盎格鲁-撒克逊人的古老习惯记录下来,由此而出现第一部盎格鲁-撒克逊法典《埃塞尔伯特法典》(Laws of AEthelberht)。从肯特国王埃塞尔伯特(AEthelberht)开始,一系列的盎格鲁-撒克逊法典先后颁行,直到最后一部的《克努特法典》(Laws of Cnut)为止,这些盎格鲁-撒克逊时代成文的法律文本,统称作盎格鲁-撒克逊法典。本文正是依据这些法律文献,对盎格鲁-撒克逊法的形成过程予以考察,以期对认识英国早期历史而有所助益。全文共有九个部分,包括绪论和八章正文内容。绪论主要包括对国内外研究的状况的梳理和总结,以及背景知识的叙述,即盎格鲁-撒克逊史述略。第一章主要探讨盎格鲁-撒克逊法的成文化进程,着重对十多部法典和其他法律文本予以介绍和考述。第二章探讨这一时代英格兰社会等级的划分及其演变,考察当时人们在法律上的不同地位。首先考察贵族等级的情形,着重分析厄德曼(ealdorman)、格塞特(gesith)和塞恩(thegn)三种贵族等级；其次,探讨普通自由民等级刻尔(ceorl),以及刻尔地位的变迁和分化。紧接着论述非自由民等级的情况,着重分析奴隶的来源和释放问题。最后,笔者对社会等级关系中的变化,进行了分析和总结。第三章考察盎格鲁-撒克逊司法审判制度。笔者先对早期集会的司法功能进行考察,然后分析贤人会议(Witan)的审判职能。紧接着,笔者论述10世纪地方法庭的兴起,包括郡(Shire)、百户区(Hundred)和市镇(Borough)法庭。然后,探讨诺曼征服前领主司法权的出现,最后,对盎格鲁-撒克逊时代的审判机制予以论述。第四章讨论当时不法行为的种类及其规制,以现代观念来看,应当属于刑事法律的范畴。笔者分别从杀人、人身伤害、盗窃和通奸等方面叙述。第五章探讨有关土地制度的法律习惯。首先,笔者考察早期民田(folk-land)的情况,以及七世纪书田(book-land)的产生和发展。然后,论述民田和书田的具体实践。最后,探讨土地关系中封建制萌芽问题。第六章考察有关动产的法则,着重分析了动产的管制、买卖,以及动产的可让渡、继承和遗赠等情况。第七章论述当时有关婚姻和家庭的法则。笔者分别由家族制度、婚姻制度、夫妻关系和亲子关系四个方面来论述。最后是余论部分。笔者先论述了盎格鲁-撒克逊法的特点,然后,探讨法律对中世纪早期英格兰社会的影响,分别由教会和法律、国王和法律的关系,来予以分析和探究。
[Abstract]:When the Romans withdrew from Britain, the Germanic tribes from northern Europe migrated to Britain, dominated by three tribes, the Anglo-American Angles, Saxonsof Saxonsand Jutes. The Anglo-Saxons are often referred to as the Anglo-Saxons. With the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity and the introduction of European ideas and techniques into the church, the ancient habits of the Anglo-Saxons began to be recorded. Thus came the first Anglo-Saxon Code, laws of Aethelberhtl. From King Ethel Bert of Kent to Aethelberht, a series of Anglo-Saxon codes were enacted, until the last Code of Canute, laws of Cnutts, which was written in the Anglo-Saxon era, Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxon Code. Based on these legal documents, this paper examines the formation process of Anglo-Saxon law in order to help to understand the early history of England. There are nine parts in this paper, including introduction and eight chapters. The introduction mainly includes combing and summing up the research situation at home and abroad, as well as the narration of background knowledge, that is, Anglo-Saxon history. The first chapter mainly discusses the cultural process of Anglo-Saxon law, focusing on the introduction of more than ten codes and other legal texts. The second chapter discusses the classification and evolution of social hierarchy in England, and examines the different legal status of people at that time. This paper first examines the situation of aristocratic rank, focusing on the analysis of three kinds of aristocratic classes: Edelman, Gesett and Thain. Secondly, it discusses the ordinary free people's rank, and the evolution and differentiation of the Cher's status. Then it discusses the status of non-free people, focusing on the origin and release of slaves. Finally, the author analyzes and summarizes the changes in the social hierarchy. Chapter three examines the Anglo-Saxon judicial system. The author examines the judicial function of the early assembly, and then analyzes the judicial function of Witan. Then, the author discusses the rise of the local courts in the 10th century, including Shirei, Hundred and Borough. Then, the emergence of the Lord before the Norman Conquest was discussed. Finally, the trial mechanism of the Anglo-Saxon era was discussed. The fourth chapter discusses the types and regulations of illegal acts at that time, which should belong to the category of criminal law from the view of modern concept. The author narrates from the aspects of murder, personal injury, theft and adultery respectively. The fifth chapter discusses the legal custom of land system. First of all, the author examines the early folk-land, and the emergence and development of book-land in the seventh century. Then, the paper discusses the concrete practice of Mintian and Shutian. Finally, the paper discusses the germination of feudal system in land relations. Chapter six examines the law of movable property, and analyzes the regulation, sale, transferability, inheritance and bequest of movable property. The seventh chapter discusses the law of marriage and family at that time. The author discusses the family system, marriage system, marital relationship and parent-child relationship respectively. The last part is the conclusion. The author first discusses the characteristics of Anglo-Saxon law, and then probes into the influence of law on the early medieval English society, which is analyzed and explored by the relationship between church and law, king and law, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90-052;K561.3

【参考文献】