1914—1958年伊拉克什叶派政治运动的发展

发布时间：2018-05-04 20:04

本文选题：伊拉克 + 什叶派　；参考：《西北师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1914-1958年之间,伊拉克发生了重大的变化。伊拉克从奥斯曼帝国的一个地区成为一个国家,政治上饱受压抑的什叶派穆斯林成为国家占多数的居民,什叶派开始在新的国家中谋求政治地位。什叶派与逊尼派相比具有人口,财力,组织上的优势,因而在国家中具有巨大的影响力。什叶派对伊拉克政权的冲击大致有三个阶段:即:什叶派穆智塔西德的政治行动主义阶段(1914-1923年);穆智塔西德从政治行动主义走向政治无为主义的过渡阶段(1923-1935);穆智塔西德倾向无为,新兴的什叶派知识分子崛起的议会斗争阶段(1936年—1958年)。什叶派对伊拉克政权的冲击,最终以失败而告终。什叶派上层虽参与伊拉克政治,但是逊尼派始终占据关键职位,什叶派要求与逊尼派分享政治权力的要求还远没有达到。什叶派在这一时期实力大为削弱,什叶派精英阶层经历了三次分化,以培养什叶派宗教学者为目的的什叶派宗教学校马德拉萨开始衰落。曾经有巨大号召力和影响力的什叶派已四分五裂,无力对政府形成有效威胁。这时什叶派政治形成了以下特点:部落意识的存在;伊拉克什叶派的双重困惑,波斯影响的下降。什叶派的参政要求在这一时期没能实现,但仍对以后的什叶派政治运动产生不可忽视的历史作用。
[Abstract]:Between 1914 and 1958, major changes took place in Iraq. Iraq became a state from an area of the Ottoman Empire, and politically repressed Shia Muslims became the majority of the country's inhabitants, and Shias began to seek political status in the new state. Shia have a demographic, financial and organizational advantage over Sunnis, and thus have great influence in the country. There are three stages of Shia's impact on the Iraqi regime: the political activism of Shiite Mushitha Sid from 1914 to 1923; the transitional period from political activism to political inaction; and Muzhi's transition from political activism to political inaction. Taside tends to do nothing, The stage of parliamentary struggle for the rise of Shia intellectuals (1936-1958). Shia attacks on the Iraqi regime ended in failure. The Shiite elite is involved in Iraqi politics, but Sunnis remain in key positions, and Shia demands to share political power with Sunnis are far from being met. Shia's strength was greatly weakened during this period, the Shiite elite experienced three divisions, and the Shiite religious school Madhassa, which aims to train Shiite religious leaders, began to decline. Shias, once powerful and influential, have been torn apart and unable to pose an effective threat to the government. Shiite politics was characterized by the existence of tribal consciousness, the dual confusion of Iraqi Shia, and the decline of Persian influence. Shia's participation in politics was not realized in this period, but it still played an important historical role in the later Shia political movement.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K377.52

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