肯尼迪政府的“中国观”与对华政策

发布时间：2018-05-05 23:33

本文选题：美国 + 肯尼迪政府　；参考：《华东师范大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：肯尼迪时期，美国与苏联在一系列问题上达成了共识，并进行了一定的合作；对于中国，美国则仍然采取强硬政策。这样一来，东西方冷战就出现了一个独特的历史现象，即冷战的逻辑重心应该在欧洲(美苏之间)，而实际重心却是在亚洲(中美之间)。冷战的深入研究，客观上需要对这一独特历史现象作出解释并探讨其根源。本项研究的一个基本的学术判断是，肯尼迪政府之所以对中国采取不同于苏联的政策，除了受美国国家利益和全球冷战战略因素影响外，还有美国对华认识这一重要因素。国家利益是美国制定对华政策的目标依据，，而肯尼迪政府对中国问题上的“国家利益”的界定，对中国在美国全球战略中所扮演“角色”的定位，以及美国为实现和维护国家利益而采取的政策措施，却受到美国对华认识的深刻影响。因此，肯尼迪时期美国的对华认识，在很大程度上规定了美国政策选择的空间，是美国政府制定对华政策的直接依据。本文讨论的肯尼迪政府的对华认识，主要是指肯尼迪政府对中国政治、经济、军事和外交的认识，重点放在肯尼迪政府对中国外交言行、政策和路线方针的认识上。在分析肯尼迪政府的对华认识时，力求将肯尼迪政府的对华认识放在外交关系的框架内加以考察，揭示肯尼迪政府对华认识与美国对华政策之间的内在联系，对华认识在美国对华政策中的作用。本文的主旨在于，通过考察肯尼迪政府对中国的认识及其在对华政策中的实施情况，揭示中国在肯尼迪政府的“中国观”和对华政策形成中的作用，从而显现中国在肯尼迪时期中美双边关系中的地位和作用。就更高的目标来说，力图通过肯尼迪政府对华认识及其政策实施的分析，突出美国对华政策中非“利益”层面的“软”因素的作用，强调中美两国关系的“双向性”和“互动性”。本文主要依据肯尼迪时期白宫、国务院、中央情报局、国会的大量档案材料，美国学术界有关中国的代表性学术论文和专著，主要报刊杂志上有关中国的文章，美国主要民意测验机构的报告。运用历史唯物主义方法，借鉴西方有关的国际政治理论，系统考察和分析肯尼迪时期美国对华认识及其在对华政策中的作用。本论文除导言和结语，共分为五章：第一章，梳理前肯尼迪时期美国对中国的认识，重点考察二战后美国对中国定位上的发展变化。在珍珠港事件之前，美国认为中国政治动荡、经济落后、国力衰弱，但中
[Abstract]:During the Kennedy period, the United States and the Soviet Union reached a consensus on a series of issues and cooperated to a certain extent; for China, the United States still adopted a tough policy. As a result, the Cold War between East and West emerged a unique historical phenomenon, namely, the logical focus of the Cold War should be in Europe (between the United States and the Soviet Union), while the actual focus was in Asia (between China and the United States). The deep study of the Cold War objectively requires an explanation of this unique historical phenomenon and its root causes. A basic academic judgment of this study is that the Kennedy administration's policy towards China is different from that of the Soviet Union, which is influenced not only by the national interests of the United States and the global cold war strategy, but also by the United States' understanding of China. National interests are the basis for the United States to formulate its China policy, and the Kennedy administration's definition of "national interests" on China issues is the orientation of China's "role" in the global strategy of the United States. And the policies and measures taken by the United States to realize and safeguard the national interests are deeply influenced by the understanding of the United States towards China. Therefore, America's understanding of China during the Kennedy period, to a large extent, defined the space for the choice of American policy, and was the direct basis for the US government to formulate its China policy. The Kennedy administration's understanding of China mainly refers to the Kennedy administration's understanding of China's politics, economy, military affairs and diplomacy, with emphasis on the Kennedy administration's understanding of China's foreign affairs, words, deeds, policies and guidelines. In the analysis of Kennedy Administration's understanding of China, the author tries to examine Kennedy Administration's understanding of China within the framework of diplomatic relations, and to reveal the internal relationship between Kennedy Administration's understanding of China and the United States' China policy. The role of recognition of China in American Policy towards China. The purpose of this paper is to reveal China's role in the formation of Kennedy's "China" and its China policy by examining the Kennedy administration's understanding of China and its implementation in China policy. So as to show the status and role of China in the bilateral relations between China and the United States during the Kennedy period. As far as the higher goal is concerned, through the analysis of the Kennedy administration's understanding of China and its policy implementation, the role of "soft" factors in the non-interest level of the United States' policy towards China is highlighted. To emphasize the "bidirectional" and "interactive" nature of the relationship between China and the United States. This article is based on a large number of archival materials from the Kennedy White House, the State Department, the Central Intelligence Agency, Congress, representative academic papers and monographs on China in the United States academic circles, and articles on China in major newspapers and magazines. Report by the leading US pollsters. By using the historical materialism method and drawing lessons from the relevant international political theories of the West, this paper systematically examines and analyzes the American understanding of China and its role in the policy towards China during the Kennedy period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into five chapters: The first chapter, combing the pre-Kennedy era of American understanding of China, focusing on the post-World War II development of the United States on the positioning of China. Prior to the Pearl Harbor incident, the United States believed that China was politically unstable, economically backward and weak.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K712.54

【引证文献】