《权利请愿书》研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 05:21

本文选题：近代早期 + 《权利请愿书》　；参考：《吉林大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 17世纪初,近代早期英国政府无力控制和应对社会经济结构危机和新兴社会利益阶层的崛起,议会与国王之间的斗争逐渐加剧。议会凭借其自身实力和运用普通法限制国王特权。1628年,针对查理一世非经议会同意而强制征税和非经法律正当程序而监禁臣民的行为,议会向国王请愿并获得批准而通过了《权利请愿书》法案。请愿书的核心内容和精神是非经议会同意不得征税原则和普通法法律正当程序原则。此后,《权利请愿书》法案及其原则、精神在限制包括国王特权、议会权力在内的国家政府权力方面产生了深远影响。在非经议会同意不得征税原则逐渐成为议会限制国王特权的重要手段的同时,普通法法律正当程序原则也对现实任何可能的权力专断形式进行限制。对于近代早期英国来讲,这体现出在伴随近代国家与市民社会分离的过程中,权利优位于权力的普通法法治原则的形成和巩固经历了一个长期的博弈过程。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the 17th century, the British government was unable to control and cope with the crisis of social economic structure and the rise of the new social interest class in the early modern times, and the struggle between Parliament and the king was gradually intensified. Parliament, by virtue of its own strength and the application of common law, restricted the privileges of the king. In 1628, against Charles I's act of imposing taxes without the consent of Parliament and imprisonment of his subjects without due process of law, The Parliament petitioned and approved the King and passed the petition of Rights Act. The essence and spirit of the petition are the principle of non-taxation without the consent of Parliament and the principle of common law due process. Since then, the Bill of Rights and its principles have had a profound impact on limiting the powers of national government, including the prerogatives of the King and the powers of Parliament. While the principle of non-taxation without the consent of Parliament has gradually become an important means for Parliament to restrict the privileges of the King, the principle of due process of common law also restricts any possible forms of arbitrariness in reality. For the early modern England, this reflects that the formation and consolidation of the principle of common law rule of law in which the right predominance lies in power has undergone a long game process in the process of separation between the modern state and the civil society.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561.33

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