试论中世纪晚期至近代早期德意志邦国议会

发布时间：2018-05-08 16:13

本文选题：中世纪晚期 + 德意志　；参考：《天津师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 13世纪,随着市民阶层的兴起以及其对参政要求的提出,英国、法国先后出现了等级议会。尽管在这同一个历史时期德意志形成了以邦国为单位的分裂的政治局面,但邦君诸侯在其邦国内拥有绝对的自主权和自治权,各邦国几乎都定期召开由教士、贵族和市民三个等级参加的议会。而且16世纪,德意志邦国议会的权限一度增强,财政权、立法权、监督权、重大事务的决策权无不具备。然而这种邦国体制有很大的局限性,无法进一步的发展。首先是由于德意志邦国体制的限制,邦国的议会受到领主土地所有制的制约;其次是因为德意志在政治上的分裂阻碍了国内统一市场的形成,社会各等级之间彼此缺乏共同的利益需求,无法提出共同的政治要求,邦国议会的发展缺少必要的经济基础。本文旨在通过对中世纪晚期德意志政治、经济及社会结构的分析,与英、法议会相比较,对德意志邦国议会的组织形式、结构功能、历史局限作一粗浅的探讨,以期对中世纪晚期至近代早期的德意志历史有更深入的认识和理解。
[Abstract]:In the 13 th century, with the rise of the civil class and its request for political participation, Britain and France successively appeared hierarchical parliaments. Although in the same historical period Germany had formed a political situation divided by states, the monarchs had absolute autonomy and autonomy within their states, and almost all of the states had been convened by priests on a regular basis. A council of nobles and townspeople at three levels. Moreover, in the 16th century, the powers of the German parliament were strengthened, such as fiscal power, legislative power, supervisory power, and decision-making power on important affairs. However, this state system has great limitations and can not be further developed. First, because of the restrictions of the German state system, the parliament of the state was restricted by the ownership of the landlords; secondly, the political division of Germany hindered the formation of a unified domestic market. There is a lack of common interests and political demands among the different levels of society, and the development of national parliaments lacks the necessary economic basis. Through the analysis of the political, economic and social structure of Germany in the late Middle Ages, compared with the British and French parliaments, this paper makes a brief discussion on the organizational form, structural function and historical limitation of the German parliament. In order to have a deeper understanding of the German history from the late Middle Ages to the early modern times.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K516

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