爱尔兰土地问题与英国两党对策1870-1916

发布时间：2018-05-09 01:40

本文选题：近代英国 + 爱尔兰土地问题　；参考：《河南大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 爱尔兰土地问题形成于17世纪中叶,到19世纪末逐渐成为解决爱尔兰问题的关键。英国政府试图通过土地改革来遏制爱尔兰人的独立倾向,从而一劳永逸的解决这个长期困扰它的问题。围绕爱尔兰土地问题,英国两大政党形成了不同的应对策略。自由党率先在爱尔兰实行土地改革,并取得了一系列成果,但在土地改革举步维艰时,它却转向支持爱尔兰自治,并因此遭致重创,为其在20世纪退出历史舞台埋下了伏笔。保守党则利用自由党的分裂重新执政,并通过温和的土地立法解决了爱尔兰土地问题并制止了爱尔兰独立。本文通过三个部分来阐述英国两大党在处理爱尔兰土地问题时的策略。第一部分:主要概述爱尔兰土地问题的形成,大饥荒时期英国对爱尔兰的政策,以及19世纪40年代英国政府解决爱尔兰土地问题的初步尝试。第二部分:主要分析格拉斯顿时期的爱尔兰政策,指出自由党的爱尔兰土地改革方案是格拉斯顿“绥靖爱尔兰”政策的有机组成部分,同时就英国政府对爱尔兰政策转变的成因予以说明,并着重强调英国社会思潮的转变是自由党对爱尔兰政策转变的重要原因。第三部分:着重论述保守党政府的爱尔兰土地购买政策的形成和实施过程,并试图回答英国的爱尔兰土地改革政策能够实现双赢的原因。
[Abstract]:The land problem of Ireland was formed in the middle of the 17 th century, and gradually became the key to solve the problem of Ireland by the end of the 19 th century. The British government tried to curb Irish independence through agrarian reform in order to solve once and for all the problem that had plagued it for a long time. Around the Irish land issue, Britain's two major political parties have formed different strategies. The Liberal Party took the lead in land reform in Ireland and made a series of achievements, but in the difficult time of land reform, it turned to support Irish autonomy, and thus suffered a heavy blow, which set the stage for its withdrawal from the stage of history in the 20th century. The Conservatives, on the other hand, took advantage of the Liberal Party's split and adopted moderate land legislation to resolve Ireland's land problems and stop Irish independence. This paper expounds the strategies of the two British parties in dealing with the land problem in Ireland in three parts. The first part mainly summarizes the formation of the Irish land problem, the British policy towards Ireland during the Great Famine, and the initial attempt of the British government to solve the Irish land problem in the 1840s. The second part mainly analyzes the Irish policy in Glaston's period, and points out that the Irish land reform plan of the Liberal Party is an organic part of Glaston's "appeasement Ireland" policy. At the same time, it explains the causes of the change of British government's policy towards Ireland, and emphasizes that the change of British social thoughts is an important reason for the change of the Liberal Party's policy towards Ireland. The third part focuses on the formation and implementation of the Irish land purchase policy of the Conservative government, and tries to answer the reasons why the Irish land reform policy in Britain can achieve win-win situation.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561.4

【引证文献】