论戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏共话语权的丧失

发布时间：2018-05-11 05:37

本文选题：戈尔巴乔夫改革时期 + 苏共　；参考：《中共中央党校》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 苏联共产党是世界上第一个执掌政权的无产阶级政党。它以马克思主义作为党的指导思想,把建设社会主义、共产主义作为党的奋斗目标。在长期执政的过程中,作为苏联唯一的执政党,苏共的意识形态也成为苏联的国家意识形态。因而,在国家政治和社会生活中取得了意识形态的主导地位和政党话语权的优势地位。然而,令人始料不及的是,到了戈尔巴乔夫改革时期,原本一场轰轰烈烈的以完善社会主义为目标的改革,竟演变成了一个苏共逐渐丧失执政地位的过程。苏共丧失政权的原因自然是多方面的。其中,一个重要的原因是,在这个过程中,苏共过去在国家社会中的意识形态指导地位和话语权优势地位逐步丧失殆尽。以戈尔巴乔夫为代表的苏共未能在改革进程中,保持住苏共所拥有的政党话语权优势,相反,在公开性、多元化和民主化的口号下,由于历史和现实的各种因素交织在一起,从而使苏共的话语权优势被以叶利钦为代表的民主激进派取而代之。对于戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏共话语权丧失的这一历史过程,本文在坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的立场上,采用比较研究的方法,历史实证分析的方法,进行了详细地分析和论述。本文主要由四部分组成: 一、政党话语权的一般理论分析。本部分主要对话语和话语权的概念和特点、政党话语和政党话语权概念和特点、影响政党话语权的主要因素等,进行了比较明确的界定和比较详尽的分析和阐述,为本文奠定了分析的理论基础和框架。二、戈尔巴乔夫改革前苏共话语权的特点和存在的问题。本部分主要对戈尔巴乔夫改革时期前苏共在苏联社会中的政党话语权的优势地位的特点、潜在的问题和隐患以及呈现这些特点、问题的原因进行了比较详尽的阐述与剖析。三、戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏共话语权丧失的过程及其原因。本部分在分析戈尔巴乔夫改革的理论来源和实质的基础上,按改革的四个阶段即准备、开始、转折和中断阶段,对戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏共话语权丧失的具体过程进行了详细地分析和阐述,并结合具体事例深入剖析了其原因。四、苏共话语权优势地位丧失过程的几点启示。本部分结合前面的内容,从苏共个案的分析中,在执政党意识形态的建设、执政党对历史和领袖的评价、执政党与民众的关系三个方面揭示了执政党应该如何争取和维持政党话语权的优势地位,从而永保执政地位的启示。
[Abstract]:The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the first proletarian party to take power in the world. It regards Marxism as the guiding ideology of the Party and the construction of socialism and communism as the Party's goal of struggle. In the long-term ruling process, as the only ruling party in the Soviet Union, the ideology of the Soviet Communist Party also became the national ideology of the Soviet Union. Therefore, in the national political and social life, the dominant position of ideology and the dominant position of party voice. However, it was unexpected that during Gorbachev's reform period, the original reform with the goal of perfecting socialism had evolved into a process in which the Soviet Communist Party gradually lost its ruling position. The reason that Soviet Communist Party loses political power is natural many respects. One of the important reasons is that, in the process, the Soviet Communist Party gradually lost its ideological guiding position and the dominant position of discourse power in the national society. The Soviet Communist Party, represented by Mikhail Gorbachev, failed to maintain the dominant power of the party in the reform process. On the contrary, under the slogan of openness, pluralism and democratization, history and reality intertwined with each other. Thus, the Soviet Communist Party's voice superiority was replaced by the democratic radicals represented by Yeltsin. With regard to the historical process of the loss of the right to speak of the Soviet Communist Party in the period of Gorbachev's reform, this paper adopts the methods of comparative study and historical empirical analysis on the stand of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Detailed analysis and discussion are carried out. This paper consists of four parts: First, the general theoretical analysis of the party's right to speak. In this part, the concept and characteristics of discourse and discourse, the concept and characteristics of party discourse and party discourse, the main factors influencing political party discourse are defined and elaborated in detail. The theoretical basis and framework of the analysis are established for this paper. Second, the characteristics and problems of the Soviet Communist Party's right of discourse before Gorbachev's reform. This part mainly expounds and analyzes the characteristics, potential problems and hidden dangers of the dominant position of the party's right of speech in Soviet society before Gorbachev's reform period, and the causes of the problems. Third, the process and causes of the loss of the Soviet Communist Party's right to speak during Gorbachev's reform. On the basis of analyzing the theoretical sources and essence of Gorbachev's reform, this part is divided into four stages: preparation, beginning, turning and breaking. This paper analyzes and expounds in detail the specific process of the loss of the right to speak of the Soviet Communist Party in the period of Gorbachev's reform, and analyzes the causes of the loss of the right of speech of the Communist Party of Soviet Union in combination with concrete examples. Fourth, the Soviet Communist Party's discourse power loss process of several enlightenment. This part combines the previous contents, from the analysis of the case of the Communist Party of Soviet Union, in the construction of the ideology of the ruling party, the ruling party's evaluation of history and leaders, The relationship between the ruling party and the public reveals how the ruling party should strive for and maintain the dominant position of the party's right of speech, thus protecting the enlightenment of its ruling position forever.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K512.5

【引证文献】