远东委员会与日本战犯处罚问题

发布时间：2018-05-12 17:43

本文选题：远东委员会 + 日本战犯　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：日本战犯处罚问题是二战后各国都非常关注的问题，因为这是各被侵略国家为自己讨回公道，伸张正义，是人类对国际法的进一步探索，对世界未来的和平有重大意义。远东委员会作为对日作战盟国合作制定日本战犯处罚政策的国际机构，在日本战犯问题上无疑有着重要的作为。面对盟军总部在日本战犯问题上造成的既成事实，远东委员会一成立就紧张地投入日本战犯处罚政策的制定工作中，希望通过各国代表的共同努力，达成一项指导日本战犯工作的政策决议，及时把盟军总部的战犯处罚工作纳入远东委员会的体制之内。远东委员会第五分会是负责日本战犯问题的专门机构，其成员在制定日本战犯处罚政策时经常出现意见相左，彼此唇枪舌战的局面，使得日本战犯处罚政策的制定进度较为缓慢。有时，为了能尽快达成一致，不耽误日本战犯处罚事宜，各国代表只得彼此妥协，一些成员国的意愿并不能得到很好的体现。尽管如此，远东委员会第五分会的成员还是日本战犯处罚问题上付出了很大的努力，也取得了一定的成绩。本文共分为七章，，第一章简要地追溯了二战前战犯审判的历史、二战期间盟国首脑对战犯问题的讨论及设立的惩处战犯的相关国际组织、日本自行审判战犯的闹剧。第二章梳理了美国自二战以来随着世界局势的变化一步步制定日本战犯政策及为贯彻该政策所采取的行动，如单独占领日本，任命麦克阿瑟为盟军最高统帅，先行逮捕日本战犯，成立基南为首的国际检察局等，使美国在日本战犯处罚问题上占据主导地位。第三章详细论证了远东委员会制定日本战犯处罚政策的经过，包括远东委员会各国在日本战犯处罚政策上的不同意见，以及远东委员会与美国在日本战犯处罚政策上的分歧。第四章论述了东京审判及相关盟国国内军事法庭对日本战犯的处罚情况，以及远东委员会与这两类审判之间的关联。第五章论述了远东委员会各成员国在日本战犯财产问题上的不同立场，以及由此而来的各国代表对战犯财产范围、战犯财产用途的争论。第六章主要围绕盟军总部释放日本甲级战犯嫌疑人的举动以及远东委员会对此的回应、美国最高法院受理日本甲级战犯上诉以及远东委员会因此对美国的交涉展开论述。第七章阐述了远东委员会在制定结束日本战犯审判政策决议过程中遇到的各种难题，各国代表由于对远东委员会职权理解的不同以及国内审判进展的不同，对结束乙丙级战犯审判很难达成一致，最后在1949年3月31日通过了一项决议，只对远东委员会成员国以建议的形式要求结束乙丙级战犯审判。本文最后总结了日本战犯的处罚情况、远东委员会在日本战犯处罚问题上的主要作为和主要分歧，客观地评价了远东委员会在该问题上所起的作用以及存在的局限性。
[Abstract]:The issue of punishment of Japanese war criminals is a matter of great concern to all countries after World War II, because it is a matter of great significance to the peace of the world in the future, because it is a matter of justice and justice for all the invading countries, and a further exploration of international law by mankind. The far East Commission, as an international organization to cooperate with Japan's war allies in formulating the policy of punishing Japanese war criminals, has undoubtedly played an important role in the issue of Japanese war criminals. In the face of the fait accompli created by the Allied headquarters on the issue of Japanese war criminals, as soon as the far East Commission was established, it was intensely engaged in the formulation of a policy of punishment for Japanese war criminals, hoping to make joint efforts through the representatives of various countries. A policy decision was reached to guide Japanese war criminals' work and to bring war criminals punishment at Allied headquarters into the far East Commission in time. The fifth branch of the far East Commission is the specialized agency responsible for Japanese war crimes issues. Its members often disagree with each other in formulating the policy on punishment of Japanese war criminals, and they often fight each other with each other. So that the Japanese war criminals punishment policy development progress is relatively slow. Sometimes, in order to reach an agreement as soon as possible and not delay the Japanese war criminals' punishment, delegates have to compromise with each other, and the will of some member states is not well demonstrated. Nevertheless, the members of the Fifth Branch of the far East Commission have made great efforts and made some achievements in the issue of punishment of Japanese war criminals. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter briefly traces the history of war criminals' trial before World War II, the discussion of war criminals by Allied leaders during World War II and the establishment of relevant international organizations to punish war criminals, and the farce of Japan's own trial of war criminals. The second chapter combs the United States since World War II with the changes in the world situation step by step to formulate the policy of Japanese war criminals and actions to implement the policy, such as the occupation of Japan, MacArthur appointed MacArthur as the Supreme Allied Commander-in-Chief. The arrest of Japanese war criminals and the establishment of international procuratorial bureau headed by Keinan make the United States play a leading role in the issue of Japanese war criminals' punishment. The third chapter demonstrates in detail the process of the far East Commission formulating the Japanese war criminals punishment policy, including the different opinions of the far East Commission countries on the Japanese war criminals punishment policy, and the differences between the far East Commission and the United States on the Japanese war criminals punishment policy. Chapter four discusses the punishment of Japanese war criminals by Tokyo trial and the military court of allied countries, and the relation between the far East Commission and these two kinds of trials. The fifth chapter discusses the different positions of the members of the far East Commission on the property of war criminals in Japan, and the debates on the scope of the property of war criminals and the use of the property of war criminals. The sixth chapter mainly focuses on the actions of the Allied headquarters to release the Japanese Class A war criminals suspects and the response of the far East Commission to this. The Supreme Court of the United States accepts the appeal of the Japanese Class A war criminals and the far East Commission's representations to the United States are discussed. The seventh chapter expounds the various difficulties encountered by the far East Commission in the process of formulating a resolution on ending the trial policy of Japanese war criminals. The representatives of various countries have different understandings of the far East Commission's functions and powers as well as the progress of domestic trials. It was difficult to reach an agreement on ending the trial of war criminals of Class B and C, and a resolution was finally adopted on March 31, 1949, requiring only the members of the far East Commission to end the trial of War criminals of Class B and C in the form of recommendations. In the end, this paper summarizes the punishment situation of Japanese war criminals, the main actions and major differences of the far East Commission on the issue of Japanese war criminals' punishment, and objectively evaluates the role and limitations of the far East Commission on this issue.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K153

【参考文献】