“喀琅施塔得事件”研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 01:08

本文选题：喀琅施塔得事件 + 兵变　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：喀琅施塔得水兵在二月革命、十月革命,以及国内战争中都起到重要作用,是布尔什维克的忠实支持者。但在1921年的3月,他们却发动了一场反对布尔什维克的“叛乱”。他们成立临时革命委员会,提出了自己的政治纲领和经济要求。面对水兵的反叛,俄共政府也迅速做出反应,集结武装军队,以武力镇压此事件,并将此事件定性为“在外国势力支持下,白卫军、社会革命党、孟什维克等策划的推翻苏维埃的反革命叛乱”。但是事实上,苏俄政府所面对的对手只是不满的喀琅施塔得水兵和工人,并未有其他势力的武力支持。更值得注意的是,苏俄政府在镇压叛乱的同时提出了新经济政策,这对苏维埃俄国的经济发展是有重大影响。“喀琅施塔得事件”是俄共初期的一个重要事件,了解这一事件对于我们深刻认识俄共(布)初期的统治有重要的意义。本文在借鉴前人著作的基础上充分利用了解密的档案资料,以期对这一历史事件做出清晰、全面的回顾和解释。本文正文分为四个部分：第一部分介绍了喀琅施塔得水兵发动兵变的背景。包括兵变前喀琅施塔得水兵对布尔什维克的支持,即水兵在二月革命、十月革命以及国内战争中的作用。之后重点总结了“喀琅施塔得事件”的缘起：第一,布尔什维克实行独裁统治,激起人民的不满。第二,“喀琅施塔得事件”爆发前的经济状况恶化；第三,农民起义和工人罢工对水兵的影响；第四,水兵的自身需求得不到满足；第五,苏俄政府面对此种情况的应对措施。第二部分介绍了“喀琅施塔得事件”的始末。着重介绍了“喀琅施塔得事件”的发展以及结果,详细描述了喀琅施塔得水兵起义的经过以及苏俄政府的武力镇压。第三部分重新对“喀琅施塔得事件”的性质进行考辩。从两个方面进行考辩：第一,苏俄政府通过自身的推断将此事件定性为“在外国势力支持下,白卫军、社会革命党、孟什维克等策划的反革命叛乱”；第二,叶利钦为“喀琅施塔得事件”平反。认为水兵的政治诉求是合理要求；俄国社会民主工党(孟什维克)和社会革命党在此事件中并没有起到主导作用；事件的发展过程中白卫军和外国势力并没有直接参与。第四部分是关于“喀琅施塔得事件”的几个思考。第一,“喀琅施塔得事件”爆发于3月,此时正是俄国的冬天,那么事件的爆发及发展和气候条件会不会有一定的关系。第二,苏俄政府对外宣传,他们是在迫于无奈的情况下才以武力镇压“喀琅施塔得事件”,那么事实是不是这样呢?第三,苏俄在这镇压“喀琅施塔得事件”的同时提出了新经济政策,那么在新经济政策确立的过程中,“喀琅施塔得事件”扮演了什么样的“角色”。
[Abstract]:Kalonstadde played an important role in the February Revolution, the October Revolution, and the Civil War, and was a loyal supporter of the Bolsheviks. But in March 1921, they launched a rebellion against the Bolsheviks. They set up an interim revolutionary committee and put forward their own political platform and economic demands. In the face of the rebellion of the sailors, the Russian Communist Government also reacted quickly by assembling armed forces and suppressing the incident by force, and characterized the incident as "with the support of foreign forces, the White Guard Army, the Social Revolutionary Party," Menshevik and other plans to overthrow the Soviet counterrevolutionary rebellion. In fact, the Russian government faces only disgruntled Kalonstadt sailors and workers, without the support of other forces. More notably, the Soviet government put forward a new economic policy while suppressing the rebellion, which had a great impact on the economic development of Soviet Russia. Kalonstadde event is an important event in the initial period of the Russian Communist Party, and understanding this event is of great significance to us to understand the early rule of the Communist Party of Russia (Brazzaville). Based on the previous works, this paper makes full use of the declassified archival data in order to make a clear and comprehensive review and explanation of this historical event. The text of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of the mutiny of Kalonstadde sailors. This includes the support of Kalonshtar sailors for the Bolsheviks before the mutiny, the role of sailors in the February Revolution, the October Revolution, and the Civil War. Then it summarizes the origin of Kalonstadad: first, the Bolshevik dictatorship aroused people's discontent. Second, the economic situation before the "Kalonstadad incident" deteriorated; third, the impact of the peasant uprising and workers' strike on the sailors; fourth, the needs of the sailors were not met; and fifth, the Soviet government's response to this situation. The second part introduces the beginning and end of Kalonshtar incident. This paper mainly introduces the development and result of the incident of Kalonstadad, and describes in detail the course of the uprising of the sailors in Kalonshtar and the armed suppression by the Soviet government. In the third part, the nature of the incident of Kalonshtar is re-examined and argued. First, the Soviet government, through its own extrapolation, characterized the incident as a counter-revolutionary rebellion planned by the White Guard, the Social Revolutionary Party, and Menshevik with the support of foreign forces; and second, Yeltsin vindicated the Kalonshtar incident. It is believed that the political demands of the sailors are reasonable; that the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Menshevik) and the Social Revolutionary Party did not play a leading role in the incident; and that the White Guard and foreign forces did not directly participate in the development of the incident. The fourth part is a few thoughts about the incident of Kalonshtar. First, the "Kalonshtar event" broke out in March, which is Russia's winter, so whether the outbreak and development of the event and climate conditions will have a certain relationship. Second, the Russian government propagandized that they were forced to suppress the "Kalonshtar incident" by force only when they were forced to do so. Is this the case?. Third, Russia put forward the new economic policy while suppressing the incident of Kalangstadad. What kind of role did the incident play in the process of establishing the new economic policy?
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K512.53

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