尼克松晚年外交战略思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 12:21

本文选题：尼克松 + 外交战略思想　；参考：《吉林大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 尼克松是美国著名的政治家和外交家。尼克松不仅在担任美国总统时取得了举世瞩目的外交成就,而且在晚年的著作中,系统地阐述了自己丰富而深邃的外交战略思想。尼克松将冷战视为美苏两国为代表的两种社会制度、两种意识形态的全面对抗,是一场“真正的战争”。但美苏两国核力量的恐怖平衡又排除了双方以战争手段解决矛盾,因此,美国只能以“威慑、竞争、谈判”相结合的综合战略对抗苏联,谋求“不战而胜”。美国的使命感和霸权意识使尼克松一生狂热追求美国在世界上的支配地位,他认为美国必须而且能够在世界上发挥“领导作用”。冷战结束后,尼克松大声疾呼美国要“抓住时机”、“超越和平”,为美国设计了独霸世界的蓝图:在欧洲建立一个“跨大西洋的大家庭”;在俄罗斯巩固“自由的胜利”;在中国通过接触“和平演变”;在日本利用与防范“潜在的对手”;在发展中世界开拓“自由的最后边疆”;在穆斯林世界避免“文明之间的冲突”。冷战及冷战后的事实表明,尼克松善于洞察和把握国际格局和世界上各种战略力量此消彼长的变化和发展趋势,从而使他的战略主张具有一定的现实性和预见性。但顽固不化的反共意识和霸权意识,也制约了尼克松的战略视野,政治偏见使他追求的“自由事业在全世界的胜利”梦想,只能同他一起告别历史的舞台。
[Abstract]:Nixon was a famous American statesman and diplomat. Nixon not only made remarkable diplomatic achievements when he was president of the United States, but also systematically expounded his rich and profound diplomatic strategic thoughts in his later works. Nixon regarded the Cold War as a "real war" between the United States and the Soviet Union as represented by two social systems and two ideologies. However, the balance of terror between the nuclear forces of the United States and the Soviet Union precludes the two sides from resolving their contradictions by means of war. Therefore, the United States can only use a comprehensive strategy of "deterrence, competition, and negotiation" to confront the Soviet Union and seek "victory without war." The sense of mission and hegemony of the United States led Nixon to pursue the dominant position of the United States in the world all his life. He believed that the United States must and could play a "leading role" in the world. After the end of the Cold War, Nixon loudly called on the United States to "seize the opportunity", "transcend peace", designed a blueprint for the United States to dominate the world: to build a "transatlantic family" in Europe, to consolidate the "victory of freedom" in Russia; "peaceful evolution" in China; exploitation and prevention of "potential adversaries" in Japan; "the last frontier of freedom" in the developing world; and avoidance of "clash of civilizations" in the Muslim world. Facts from the Cold War and after the Cold War showed that Nixon was good at understanding and grasping the changes and development trends of the international structure and various strategic forces in the world, thus making his strategic proposition realistic and predictable. However, stubborn anti-Communist consciousness and hegemonic consciousness also restricted Nixon's strategic vision. Political prejudice made him pursue the dream of "victory of the cause of freedom in the world", and he could only bid farewell to the stage of history with him.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.5

【引证文献】