壬辰倭乱前夕朝鲜王朝对明、日交往政策的“摇摆性”（1587-1592年）

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:10

本文选题：摇摆性外交 + 朝贡制度　；参考：《暨南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：16世纪中叶以后,东北亚地区的国际秩序发生了复杂变化。作为华夷秩序的中心,明王朝已处于其封建统治的衰退期,对周边小国的影响力大不如前;朝鲜王朝则醉心于内部权术之争,国防极为松懈。对比之下,日本则在织丰政权的统一征伐中,逐渐达到了其历史上国家统治力的顶峰,一度梦想着统治中国,企图改变既定存在的东北亚政治格局。1587年丰臣秀吉遣使出访朝鲜,打破了朝鲜王朝承平已久的局面。面对已脱离华夷秩序的日本,朝鲜王朝既不想有失“文明上国”的身份,又不想正面冲撞日本,为了寻求自身利益的最大化,朝鲜王朝试图通过努力将日本纳入以自身为中心的小型华夷秩序,开始恢复了与日本的官方往来。壬辰倭乱爆发前的这几年内,作为明朝的亲密属国,朝鲜王朝一面一如既往地进行着对明朝的朝贺进献,另一面却背着明朝极力经营着与日本的交往,这一对外交往策略表现出其极为复杂的矛盾性。而且受国际国内形势的影响,朝鲜王朝对明、日的交往政策并非一成不变,还表现出了持续不断的变化性。纵观壬辰倭乱爆发前朝(朝鲜王朝)、日、明三国往来的史实记载,朝鲜王朝对明、日交往政策的矛盾性、变化性,即其“摇摆性”主要表现为:朝鲜王朝对明朝的事大行为经历了由“事大至诚”到“不诚”再到“至诚”的变化;对日本的交往行为经历了从“藐视疏远”到“与日交通”再到“与日决裂”的变化。朝鲜王朝遵从国家利益和国内外形势的变化,期间一度摒弃了朝贡制度下“人臣无外交”的义理,给明鲜朝贡关系乃至整个东北亚地区的安全稳定带来不可估量的严重后果。其不仅造成了明鲜两国严重的信任危机,还加速了壬辰倭乱的爆发。因而笔者认为,本文不仅有助于重新审视东北亚视野下的明、日、朝三国关系,拓展东北亚华夷秩序扩大化的研究,还将从原因孔道深化壬辰倭乱的研究。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the 16 th century, the international order in Northeast Asia has undergone complex changes. As the center of the Huayi order, the Ming Dynasty was in the decline of its feudal rule, and its influence on the neighboring small countries was not as great as before, while the Korean dynasty was obsessed with the internal power struggle, and its national defense was extremely lax. In contrast, Japan gradually reached the pinnacle of national domination in its history during the unification of the Zhoufeng regime, and once dreamed of ruling China in an attempt to change the established political pattern of Northeast Asia. It has broken the situation that the Korean dynasty has been in power for a long time. In the face of Japan, which is out of the order of China, the Korean dynasty did not want to lose its status as a "civilized country" or to collide with Japan head-on, in order to maximize its own interests. The Korean dynasty began to restore official ties with Japan by trying to bring Japan into a small, self-centered order. In the past few years before the outbreak of the Japanese chaos, as a close dependency of the Ming Dynasty, the Korean dynasty, on the one hand, served as usual in congratulating the Ming Dynasty, while on the other side it tried to manage its contacts with Japan behind the back of the Ming Dynasty. This foreign communication strategy shows its extremely complex contradiction. Moreover, influenced by the international and domestic situation, the Korean Dynasty's exchange policy toward Ming and Japan was not static, but also showed continuous change. Looking at the historical facts of the Korean Dynasty, Japan, and the three Kingdoms of the Ming Dynasty, the conflict and variation of the Korean Dynasty's policy toward the exchange of Ming and Japan were reviewed. That is, its "swing" is mainly manifested as: the Korean dynasty's great behavior towards the Ming Dynasty has experienced the change from "great sincerity" to "insincerity" to "sincerity"; The communication behavior toward Japan has changed from "despising alienation" to "traffic with Japan" to "breaking with Japan". The Korean dynasty obeyed the national interests and the changes of the situation at home and abroad. During the period, it abandoned the justice of "no diplomacy" under the tributary system, which brought incalculable serious consequences to the relationship between Ming and Xiangong and even to the security and stability of the whole Northeast Asia. It not only caused a serious crisis of trust between the two countries, but also accelerated the outbreak of chaos. Therefore, the author believes that this paper is not only helpful to re-examine the relationship between Ming, Japan and Korea in Northeast Asia, expand the study of the expansion of the order of China and Yi in Northeast Asia, but also deepen the study of the chaos of Japan and Japan from the perspective of Confucius.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K303

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