基于古罗马三部农业著作的公元前2世纪—公元1世纪的古罗马农业奴隶研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 08:51

本文选题：古罗马 + 加图　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：古罗马依靠战争获得了广袤的疆域,但是疆域的稳定需要依靠农业,农业是其立足之本,因此古罗马大量使用奴隶来发展自己的农业,农业奴隶的普遍应用也对奴隶制社会的发展产生了巨大的影响。古罗马奴隶制度的产生有其历史必然性,从最初鲜少使用奴隶到后来奴隶人口数量剧增,经过了一个逐渐发展的历程。古罗马从公元前3世纪开始使用奴隶,这些奴隶主要从事家内劳动或者手工业、农业、商业劳动。奴隶的来源也比较广泛,包括战俘、债务奴役、海盗劫掠、家生奴隶等。公元前2世纪到公元2世纪奴隶的利用发展到一个高峰期,农业生产中奴隶的使用尤为典型。奴隶主通过购买、兼并或者继承等方式获得地产,于是大规模的葡萄种植园,橄榄种植园等产生,他们主要依靠的就是奴隶的劳动。留存至今的三部古代罗马农业著作(加图的《农业志》、瓦罗的《论农业》和科路美拉的《农业志》)中均对当时罗马社会中的农业奴隶多有提及。本文试图基于这三部农业著作来研究古罗马农业奴隶制度。本文由引言、正文和结语组成,引言主要简单介绍农业奴隶的界定和学者们的观点以及国内外涉及农业奴隶的研究现状,正文分为四部分:第一部分,首先介绍了公元前2世纪罗马的中型庄园经济,然后主要以加图的《农业志》为依据,分析此时奴隶主要的来源、奴隶的管理和奴隶的境遇。第二部分,首先介绍公元前1世纪的拉蒂芬丁,它是罗马土地集中的产物,然后主要以瓦罗的《论农业》为依据,分析此时奴隶主要的来源、奴隶的管理和奴隶的境遇。第三部分,首先介绍奴隶制的发展状况和隶农制的出现,然后主要以科路美拉的《农业志》为依据,分析此时奴隶主要的来源、奴隶的管理和奴隶的境遇。第四部分,比较公元前2世纪到公元1世纪奴隶的使用,分别就其共同点与不同点分析奴隶地位变化反映出的社会状况。结语简单阐述奴隶制度的影响。
[Abstract]:Ancient Rome gained vast territory by war, but the stability of its territory depended on agriculture, which was the root of its existence. Therefore, ancient Rome used slaves to develop its own agriculture. The widespread application of agricultural slaves also had a great impact on the development of slavery society. The emergence of slavery in ancient Rome had its historical inevitability, from rarely using slaves at first to increasing the number of slaves, it went through a process of gradual development. Ancient Rome began to use slaves in the third century B.C., mainly engaged in domestic labor or handicraft, agriculture, and commercial labor. Slaves also come from a wide range of sources, including prisoners of war, debt bondage, pirate looting, family slaves, and so on. The use of slaves from the second century BC to the second century AD reached a peak, especially in agricultural production. Slave owners acquired real estate by buying, annexing, or inheriting, so large-scale grape plantations, olive plantations, and so on, relied mainly on slave labor. The three ancient Roman agricultural works (Cartoon's Agricultural Records, Valo's on Agriculture) and Colomera's Agricultural Records all mention agricultural slaves in Roman society. Based on these three agricultural works, this paper attempts to study agricultural slavery in ancient Rome. This paper is composed of introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the definition of agricultural slaves and the viewpoints of scholars and the research status of agricultural slaves at home and abroad. The text is divided into four parts: the first part, This paper first introduces the medium-sized manor economy of Rome in the 2nd century B.C., and then analyzes the main sources of slaves, the management of slaves and the situation of slaves on the basis of Chatu's Chronicles of Agriculture. The second part first introduces Latiphentine in the first century B.C., which is the product of Roman land concentration, and then analyzes the main source of slaves, the management of slaves and the situation of slaves on the basis of Varo's "on Agriculture". The third part first introduces the development of slavery and the emergence of the system of scribes, and then analyzes the main sources of slaves, the management of slaves and the situation of slaves on the basis of Colomera's Records of Agriculture. The fourth part compares the use of slaves from the second century BC to the first century AD and analyzes the social conditions reflected by the changes in the status of slaves according to their common points and differences. The conclusion briefly expounds the influence of slavery.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K126

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