美国内战中的联邦海上封锁

发布时间：2018-05-17 10:12

本文选题：联邦海军 + 海上封锁　；参考：《首都师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文所要论述的是美国内战时期(1861~1865),联邦对南方叛乱各州进行的海上封锁。文章从联邦海军封锁的建立与执行、水兵的生活和对封锁的评价几个方面展开,力图展现出一幅比较清晰而充实的内战封锁图画,并对封锁在内战中的作用和意义加以论述。全文共分四章: 第一章主要论述了联邦政府如何建立对南方叛乱各州的海上封锁。在内战爆发前,有人就提出了用封锁制止南方分裂的想法。战争爆发后的,林肯政府宣布了封锁南方的“封锁公告”,但是当时联邦海军的实力远不能满足封锁任务的需要。后经海军部长基迪恩·威尔斯的大力整顿,联邦海军实力有了空前增长,封锁才最终建立起来。第二章主要论述了内战期间联邦如何进一步加强封锁,并分析了南方反抗封锁失败的原因。通过组建封锁委员会、建立封锁基地、设立战利品奖金制度以及进一步加强海军力量等手段,联邦的海上封锁体系日益完善。南方虽然先后采用了私掠船、铁甲舰和袭击舰的方法试图打破联邦封锁,但因为缺乏工业基础和战略上的失误,这些努力均以失败告终。第三章主要论述了联邦海军的征兵工作与海军士兵在海上的工作与生活,分析了联邦海军征兵困难的原因。虽然面临着生活条件异常艰苦等诸多不利因素,但充满爱国心的水兵依然坚持在封锁的第一线上,为维护美国统一做出了不可磨灭的贡献。第四章主要论述了封锁在内战中所起的作用,并对封锁效率不高的原因等问题进行了分析。事实证明,联邦的海上封锁沉重打击了南方的对外贸易,并且造成南方经济的崩溃。联邦海军的封锁是联邦赢得内战胜利的重要原因,封锁为早日结束内战做出了巨大贡献。海上封锁不仅在内战中发挥了重要作用,而且对日后美国海军的发展产生了深远影响。它直接影响了美国未来的海军战略理论发展。封锁中出现的新技术也被应用到战后的美国海军。
[Abstract]:This article deals with a federal naval blockade of the Confederate rebel states during the Civil War. In this paper, the establishment and execution of the blockade of the Federal Navy, the life of the sailors and the evaluation of the blockade are carried out in order to show a clear and substantial picture of the blockade of the Civil War, and to expound the role and significance of the blockade in the Civil War. The full text is divided into four chapters: The first chapter mainly discusses how the federal government to establish a maritime blockade of the southern rebel states. Before the civil war broke out, the idea of blocking the south was put forward. When the war broke out, the Lincoln administration announced a blockade of the South, but the strength of the federal navy was far from meeting the requirements of the blockade. The blockade was finally established after a major overhaul by Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Wells, and an unprecedented increase in the strength of the federal navy. The second chapter mainly discusses how the Union strengthened the blockade during the Civil War, and analyzes the reasons for the defeat of the southern resistance to the blockade. Through the establishment of blockade committee, the establishment of blockade base, the establishment of trophy bonus system and the further strengthening of naval force, the federal maritime blockade system is increasingly perfect. The South tried to break the federal blockade with privately-grabbing, iron-armour and assault ships, but these efforts failed because of a lack of industrial base and strategic mistakes. The third chapter mainly discusses the conscription work of the Union Navy and the work and life of the Navy soldiers at sea, and analyzes the reasons for the difficulties of the conscription of the Union Navy. Although facing many unfavorable factors, such as extremely difficult living conditions, the patriotic sailors are still on the front line of the blockade, and have made indelible contributions to the maintenance of the United States' reunification. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the role of blockade in the civil war, and analyzes the reasons for the inefficiency of blockade. The federal naval blockade proved to have dealt a heavy blow to the South's foreign trade and caused its economy to collapse. The blockade of the Union Navy was an important reason for the Union to win the Civil War, which made a great contribution to the early end of the Civil War. The naval blockade not only played an important role in the Civil War, but also had a profound influence on the future development of the US Navy. It directly affects the development of the future naval strategic theory of the United States. The new technologies that emerged from the blockade were also applied to the postwar US Navy.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.43

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