“战争乃残酷之师”——论伯罗奔尼撒战争对雅典帝国的能动蜕变

发布时间：2018-05-20 09:31

本文选题：伯罗奔尼撒战争 + 雅典帝国的蜕变　；参考：《世界经济与政治》2017年01期

【摘要】：战争是赤裸裸的暴力对抗,是一个武装集团对另一个武装集团的暴烈行动。战争有其固有的能动逻辑,会深刻影响乃至重新塑造投身其中的一切人物和集团。在性质、时间和烈度上均属希腊世界史无前例的伯罗奔尼撒战争通过引发失控、刺激爱欲、制造普遍恐惧和普遍怀疑,产生了一种能动的释放效应,教唆人们诉诸种种可怕的事情,那是他们在安宁和平时期以人的理性谋划永远不会或不敢考虑的。这种可怕的释放效应又因"偶然"的天灾而倍增,把雅典从一个审慎、节制的仁慈帝国蜕变为蛮横、专制的残暴帝国;把推崇自由的斯巴达蜕变为波斯强权的附庸;把典雅有致的希腊文明蜕变为野蛮恐怖的自然状态。这场由希腊人自己发动起来的超级内战,最后以完全超出任何一个希腊人想象和控制的结果,彻底变异了整个希腊。战争乃残酷之师,这是史家修昔底德真正意欲垂诸久远的历史教益。
[Abstract]:War is a naked violent confrontation, a violent operation by one armed group against another. War has its inherent dynamic logic, will profoundly affect and even reshape all the characters and groups involved in it. By its nature, time and intensity, the Peloponnesian war, unprecedented in the Greek world, produced a dynamic release effect by triggering runaway, stimulating lust, creating widespread fear and general doubt, Instigate people to resort to terrible things that they would never or dare not contemplate in peaceful and peaceful times with human reason. This terrible release effect was multiplied by the "accidental" natural disaster, transforming Athens from a prudent, restrained and merciful empire to a brutal, tyrannical empire, from a free Spartan to a subservient of Persian might; To transform the elegant Greek civilization into a natural state of barbarism and terror. This super-civil war, waged by the Greeks themselves, mutated the whole of Greece completely beyond any Greek imagination and control. War is a cruel teacher, which the historian Thucydides really intended to hang on for a long time.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;
【基金】：“中国人民大学2016年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划”成果
【分类号】：K125

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