18世纪孟加拉柴明达尔阶层探析

发布时间：2018-05-21 03:21

本文选题：孟加拉 + 柴明达尔　；参考：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：柴明达尔是1947年以前印度农村一种具有特殊权力的地方阶层，由该阶层居主导地位的农村赋税征收和管理制度，亦被称为柴明达尔制度。因自然条件差异，，柴明达尔在不同区域的形态也有所不同。其中孟加拉的柴明达尔最具代表性。 18世纪英国东印度公司占领孟加拉后，最初弃用了柴明达尔，委派自己雇员征税赋税，企图实现直接管理。但这种做法成本过高，且赋税征收效果不佳。迫不得已，殖民者开始改造和利用原有的柴明达尔阶层，实施间接统治。实践表明，殖民者对孟加拉柴明达尔的改造非常成功，他们成为政府的得力助手。此后，殖民者将孟加拉地区的经验推广到其他区域，变为管理印度农村的主要统治形式。 18世纪孟加拉柴明达尔阶层处于不断变化的阶段。他们在失去原来传统性地方管理人的同时，也没有确立起资本主义性质的农业资本家身份,而是处于两者之间的过渡状态。对他们的研究，可以揭示孟加拉农村从自然经济向殖民地经济转变的进程。
[Abstract]:Chaimingdahl is a kind of local stratum with special power in Indian countryside before 1947. It is also called Chaimingdahl system. Due to the difference of natural conditions, Chaimingdahl has different forms in different regions. Bangladesh's Chaimingdahl is the most representative. After the British East India Company occupied Bangladesh in the 18th century, it initially abandoned Chaimindal and appointed its own employees to tax and tax in an attempt to achieve direct management. But the cost is too high, and the effect of tax collection is not good. Forced, the colonists began to transform and use the original Chaimingdahl class, the implementation of indirect rule. Practice has shown that the colonists transformed Bengal Chaimingdahl very successfully, and they became the government's right-hand-hand. Since then, the colonists have extended the experience of Bangladesh to other regions and become the dominant form of governance in rural India. The Chaimingdahl class in Bangladesh in the 18 th century was at a constantly changing stage. While they lost their traditional local managers, they did not establish their capitalist status as agricultural capitalists, but were in a transitional state between the two. Their research can reveal the process of the transition from natural economy to colonial economy in rural Bangladesh.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K351.4

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