苏维埃政权和俄国东正教会的斗争（1917～1923）

发布时间：2018-05-21 02:24

本文选题：苏维埃政权 + 斗争　；参考：《吉林大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 十月革命前俄国东正教作为俄国的国教,拥有近亿人的信徒,对俄国的政治、经济、文化都有着重要的影响。在封建时期,统治阶级为了利用宗教帮助自己在思想上统治人民,因此赋予了俄国东正教会及教士很多特权和财产,以对其进行笼络和奖赏,使其成为封建政权的附庸。十九世纪的俄国处于农奴制瓦解和崩溃阶段,资本主义开始产生和发展。俄国人民群众起义接连不断,革命运动蓬勃发展,于是封建统治者加大了对俄国东正教教会的扶植,以期教会帮助维护其统治。进入二十世纪,俄国革命形势更加高涨,沙皇统治日益衰落,面对突变的形势,俄国东正教会希望能维护既有的权利并尽可能争取到更多利益,于是在1917年二月革命后召开了中断两百多年的全俄宗教会议。但在会议期间,十月革命爆发,无产阶级建立了苏维埃政权,这使得俄国东正教会陷入一片慌乱,匆忙推选出大牧首,以期面对突变的局势。但是由于苏维埃政权和俄国东正教会双方在世界观、意识形态等立场方面存在巨大的矛盾,因此苏维埃政权根据当时的国内和国际条件,开始对俄国东正教会进行斗争。苏维埃政权通过颁布法律条令,将俄国东正教会在政治、经济、文化上的特权逐一取消,并没收了教会大量的土地和财产,使其成为一个纯粹的宗教组织,再也无力与苏维埃政权抗衡。同时苏维埃政权也因斗争了俄国东正教会得以进一步的巩固。
[Abstract]:Before the October Revolution, the Russian Orthodox Church, as the Russian state religion, had nearly 100 million followers, which had an important influence on Russian politics, economy and culture. During the feudal period, the ruling class, in order to use religion to help them rule the people ideologically, gave the Russian Orthodox Church and priests a lot of privileges and property to win over and reward them and make them become vassals of the feudal regime. In the 19th century Russia was in the stage of the collapse and collapse of serfdom, and capitalism began to emerge and develop. The Russian masses revolted one after another, and the revolutionary movement flourished, so the feudal rulers strengthened the support of the Russian Orthodox Church in the hope that the Church would help maintain its rule. In the 20th century, the Russian revolution became even higher and the czarist rule declined day by day. In the face of the sudden situation, the Russian Orthodox Church hoped to safeguard its existing rights and strive for as many benefits as possible. So after the revolution of February 1917, the all-Russian religious conference was held for more than 200 years. But during the October Revolution, when the proletariat established Soviet power, the Russian Orthodox Church was in a panic and hurriedly elected its leader in the hope of facing a sudden change. However, because of the great contradiction between the Soviet regime and the Russian Orthodox Church in the positions of world outlook, ideology and so on, the Soviet regime began to struggle against the Russian Orthodox Church according to the domestic and international conditions at that time. By issuing legal decrees, the Soviet regime abolished the political, economic and cultural privileges of the Russian Orthodox Church one by one, and confiscated a great deal of the land and property of the church, making it a purely religious organization. No longer able to compete with the Soviet regime. At the same time, the Soviet regime was also further consolidated by the struggle of the Russian Orthodox Church.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K512.5

【引证文献】