从抽象到具体—马克思研究俄国社会发展问题的方法论分析

发布时间：2018-05-21 16:02

本文选题：抽象 + 具体　；参考：《中共中央党校》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在19世纪70-80年代，俄国的社会发展问题成为马克思关注的焦点。通过对俄国社会问题的考察、分析和说明，马克思提出了关于俄国社会发展问题的一些新见解，即认为在各种历史条件的机缘巧合中，俄国社会有可能跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”而直接过渡到社会主义。值得注意的是，对于俄国社会问题的考察，马克思从陌生到熟悉，从学习、研究到形成自己的理论，实质上是一个马克思的哲学世界观和方法论的俄国化过程，也即是一个马克思哲学与俄国国情相结合的过程。进而言之，也就是一个历史唯物主义这一抽象原理逐渐在俄国具体化的进程，是历史唯物主义从一种哲学抽象上升成为生动的、丰富的具体的过程。在这一过程中，，马克思自觉地贯彻了自己所倡导的从抽象到具体的分析方法，并且这一方法主要通过四个角度，即时空维度的切入、有限理性的坚持、行动逻辑的确立、复杂思维的运用而极其鲜明地呈现在世人面前。通过以上四个方面，马克思不仅将对俄国社会问题从一种抽象的、笼统的认识上升到了生动的思维具体，而且还进一步丰富和发展了历史唯物主义。本文的研究的重点不在于马克思研究俄国问题的思想内容，而是马克思剖析俄国社会发展问题的方法，以其研究方法而非内容本身作为主要研究对象。当前，通过在哲学方法论的角度上探讨马克思在俄国社会问题的研究上思维逻辑的脉络，一方面不仅可以使我们准确地把握马克思研究俄国社会发展问题的精神实质，另一方面对于我们解决现实的社会问题，探索中国特色社会主义道路也具有方法论上启迪作用。
[Abstract]:In the 1970-80's, the social development of Russia became the focus of Marx's attention. Through the investigation, analysis and explanation of Russian social problems, Marx put forward some new views on Russian social development, that is, in the chance coincidence of various historical conditions, It is possible for Russian society to make a direct transition to socialism across the capitalist Kaftin Canyon. It is worth noting that Marx's examination of Russian social problems, from unfamiliar to familiar, from learning and studying to forming his own theory, is essentially a Russianized process of Marx's philosophical world outlook and methodology. It is also a process of combining Marxist philosophy with Russian national conditions. Furthermore, this abstract principle of historical materialism has gradually materialized in Russia, and it is the process of historical materialism rising from a philosophical abstraction to a vivid and rich concrete process. In this process, Marx consciously carried out the analytical method from abstract to concrete advocated by himself, and this method mainly through four angles, namely, the dimension of time and space, the adherence of limited rationality, the establishment of logic of action. The application of complex thinking presents itself in front of the world. Through the above four aspects, Marx not only raised the Russian social problem from an abstract, general understanding to vivid thinking, but also further enriched and developed historical materialism. The focus of this paper is not on the ideological content of Marx's study of Russian problems, but on Marx's method of analyzing the problems of Russian social development, with its research method rather than the content itself as the main object of study. At present, by exploring the logic of Marx's thinking in the study of Russian social problems from the perspective of philosophical methodology, on the one hand, we can not only accurately grasp the spiritual essence of Marx's study of Russian social development. On the other hand, exploring the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics also has methodological enlightenment for us to solve the social problems.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K512

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