近代早期英国书报审查制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 23:13

本文选题：近代早期 + 英国　；参考：《东北师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 对书籍的审查在中外都有着悠久的历史,然而现代意义上系统的书报审查的产生是以1450年左右欧洲活字印刷术的改进为物质技术前提的。近代早期欧洲各国因政教体制不同审查类型各异,英国作为西欧由古代农业社会向现代工业社会转型过程中的“领头羊”,其书报审查制度的演变历来是国际学术界十分关注的问题。西方学者对近代早期英国书报审查的研究起步较早,且取得了丰硕的成果。自18世纪以来,西方学者对该领域的研究经历了辉格派、修正派、后修正派的发展演变,研究视角日趋广阔,理论方法更加科学,观点认识也趋于客观。上世纪末本世纪初,随着越来越多的传播学、文化社会学学者的加入,对近代早期英国书报审查制度的研究大有方兴未艾之势。相比之下,国内学者对此问题的研究十分薄弱,缺乏全面系统的分析研究。本文以1476-1695年英国书报审查制度的演变为整体考察对象,以时间为序,着眼长时段,将宏观的视角与微观的研究进行有机的结合,考察了都铎王朝、早期斯图亚特王朝、英国革命和后期斯图亚特王朝时期审查制度形成、确立、转折和衰落的整个过程,力求揭示社会转型与审查制度的演变之间的互动关系,给近代早期的英国书报审查一个准确的历史定位。图书审查是作为文字载体的书籍产生后,当权者对危害统治或不敬神的言论或文字采取的镇压、控制行为。1476年威廉·卡克斯顿在英国印刷第一本书后,印刷的书籍、小册子、期刊、新闻书等最早的大众媒介形式成为近代早期英国的审查对象。近代早期英国书报审查制度伴随着绝对主义王权的加强而确立,都铎王朝行政、司法领域的改革为审查制度的确立奠定了基础和保障,亨利八世时期开始的宗教改革使国教会成为主要的审查机器。1538年法令的颁布标志着以许可和特权授予为主要内容的出版前审查制度的形成,玛丽女王时期王室与书商公会在审查中的合作成为近代早期英国书报审查的特有形式,到伊丽莎白一世时期审查制度最终完善,并达到近代早期的至高点。早期斯图亚特王朝虽沿用都铎王朝的审查政策,但王室与议会、国教会与普通法法庭之间的权力冲突以及书商公会内部的利益之争使这一时期的审查表面上日趋严厉,但审查效果却不同以往。 1640年内战的爆发揭开了近代早期英国书报审查变革的序幕。绝对王权下的审查体系随着王权的瓦解而崩溃,印刷出版业在20年内的突飞猛进又使新审查体系的确立迫在眉睫。1640-1660年,英国的书报审查几易其主,到克伦威尔统治时期,议会主导下的对书报的审查达到革命时期的最高峰。1660年斯图亚特王朝复辟后,绝对主义王权企图恢复革命前对印刷出版业的控制,于1662年颁布了许可证法,但资本主义经济的发展、民众教育文化水平的提高、君主立宪政体的确立最终使该法令于1695年寿终正寝。1709年安妮女王出版法的颁布标志着以法律和经济手段为主的出版后审查阶段的开始。综上所述,近代早期英国书报审查制度的演变既是英国社会政治、经济、思想文化等领域转型的结果,又是社会转型的重要组成部分。作为一个系统的制度,它的存废、沿革与社会政治、宗教体制的变革休戚相关,它的产生和演变又离不开15世纪中叶活字印刷技术的改进和图书印刷出版业的发展,最后对书的查禁就是对思想文化的遏制,因而图书审查的历史又是一部思想史。因此,对近代早期英国书报审查的研究是一个一元多面的课题。此外,近代早期印刷媒介带给欧洲的媒介控制问题,对于今天处于信息时代的我们仍具有很重要的借鉴意义。因此,对近代早期英国书报审查制度的研究是一个具有重要的历史和现实价值的研究课题。
[Abstract]:The review of books has a long history in both China and foreign countries. However, in the modern sense, the systematic review of books and newspapers was based on the improvement of the European type printing in Europe in 1450. In early modern Europe, different types of censorship were made by different political and educational systems in European countries, and the British was made from ancient agricultural society to modern industrial society. In the process of transformation, the evolution of the censorship system has always been an issue of great concern to the international academic community.
The western scholars' research on the early modern British Book Newspaper review started earlier and achieved fruitful results. Since eighteenth Century, western scholars have experienced the development and evolution of the Whigs, revisionist and post revisionist in this field. The research perspective is becoming more and more extensive, the theory method is more scientific, the view is also objective. At the end of the last century At the beginning of the period, with the more and more communication studies and the joining of cultural sociology scholars, the research on the review system of English book newspapers in early modern times was in the ascendant. In contrast, the domestic scholars were very weak in the study and lack of comprehensive and systematic analysis and research.
This paper, based on the evolution of the review system of the 1476-1695 years English book and newspaper, is the object of the whole study. It combines the macro perspective with the microscopic study in a long period of time, and examines the formation, establishment, turning and decline of the Tudor Dynasty, the early Stuart Dynasty, the British revolution and the later Stuart Dynasty. The whole process aims to reveal the interactive relationship between social transformation and the evolution of censorship, and to give an accurate historical orientation for the early British book review.
Book censorship is the repression of words or words that have been created by a book as a word carrier. The right person's repression of words or words that are harmful to rule or unrespect, and to control the earliest forms of mass media, such as books, pamphlets, periodicals, and News Books, in.1476, after William Kakston's first book in Britain, became censorship in early modern Britain. The early modern British book review system was established with the strengthening of the absolute monarchy. The Tudor administration and the reform of the judicial field laid the foundation and guarantee for the establishment of the censorship. The religious reform, which began in Henry's eighth period, made the State Church become the main inspection machine.1538 decree, which marked the approval of the law. The formation of pre publication censorship of the privileges was given as the main content. The cooperation between the Queen's royal family and the bookseller in the Marie period became a unique form of the early modern British book review, and the Elizabeth I period censorship was finally perfected and reached the highest point in the early modern times.
Although the early Stuart Dynasty followed the Tudor's censorship policy, the power conflict between the royal family and the parliament, the state church and the common law court and the disputes within the bookseller's Guild made the examination on the surface increasingly severe, but the effect of the review was different.
The outbreak of the civil war in 1640 unveiled the prelude to the change in the review of the British Book newspapers in the early modern times. The censorship system under the absolute royal power collapsed with the collapse of the royal power. The rapid progress of the printing and publishing industry in 20 years made the establishment of the new censorship system imminent for.1640-1660 years. The review of the books and newspapers led by the parliament reached the peak of the period of the revolutionary period in the period of the restoration of the Stuart Dynasty in.1660. The absolute monarchy attempted to restore the control of the printing and publishing industry before the revolution. In 1662, the license law was promulgated, but the development of the capitalist economy, the improvement of the level of the civilian education, the establishment of the constitutional monarchy, and the establishment of the constitutional monarchy. The decree ended in 1695. The promulgation of Queen Anne's publishing law in.1709 marked the beginning of a post censorship stage dominated by legal and economic means.
To sum up, the evolution of the early modern British book review system is not only the result of the transformation of the British political, economic, ideological and cultural fields, but also an important part of the social transformation. As a systematic system, its existence and abolition are closely related to the change of social politics and religious system, and its production and evolution can not be separated from 15. The improvement of the movable type printing technology in the middle of the century and the development of the book printing and publishing industry. Finally, the prohibition of books is the containment of the ideology and culture. Therefore, the history of the book review is a history of thought. Therefore, the study of the review of the early modern English book newspapers is a one yuan and multi faceted topic. In addition, the early modern printing media brought to Europe. The problem of media control still has a very important reference for us in the information age. Therefore, the study of the early modern British book review system is a research subject of important historical and practical value.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561

【引证文献】