第一次世界大战后巴勒斯坦阿拉伯经济研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 17:27

本文选题：第一次 + 世界　；参考：《西北大学》2002年博士论文

【摘要】： 半个多世纪以来，中东始终是一个牵动世人目光的热点地区，而其中巴以问题又为热点中之热点。对于巴以关系中以色列的研究，20世纪90年代后已成为国内中东研究中的“显学”，相对而言，巴勒斯坦研究要薄弱得多，尤其对巴经济的研究更谈不上。但事实上，在巴以和谈进程中，就是由于巴勒斯坦经济地位的弱小，才导致巴方步步退让，建国问题至今处于风雨飘摇之中。从国内目前对巴勒斯坦经济的系统研究几乎处于空白这一考虑出发，我选择了“第一次世界大战后巴勒斯坦阿拉伯经济研究”作为自己的学位论文，希望通过对这一问题的历史考察，提供一个剖析巴勒斯坦民族解放运动曲折艰险根源的新视角。本论文力求以马克思主义社会科学方法论中的系统论方法，采用其整体性原则、相互联系性原则、有序性原则、动态性原则、定量化原则作为研究和分析巴勒斯坦阿拉伯经济发展历程的基本理论指导思想。在上述理论及方法的指导下，本论文在对庞杂的外文资料进行悉心梳理的基础之上，分四个阶段对—战后巴勒斯坦阿拉伯经济的发展历程进行了整体客观的分析。一、英国委任统治时期巴勒斯坦阿拉伯社团的经济发展。处于前资本主义发展阶段的巴勒斯坦阿拉伯经济不仅遭到英国委任当局的盘剥和政策歧视，而且受到横空出世的犹太社团经济的猛烈冲击，再加之自身生产效率低下，人口压力、土地面积减少及碎化，巴勒斯坦民众深陷债务之中。巴勒斯坦阿拉伯社团的经济劣势为后来巴以关系中巴方的被动埋下了深层隐患。二、1948-1967年间的巴勒斯坦经济。1948年中东战争后巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人丧失大部分土地，仅剩的约旦河西岸和加沙地带也分属约旦和埃及管辖。在这种传统经济联系中断，同时又得不到约旦和埃及政府重视的情况下，两地经济十几年来虽有所发展，但步履蹒跚。三、被占期间的巴勒斯坦经济。1967年西岸和加沙被以色列占领后，先前与相邻地区的经济联系或完全被破坏，或遭到极大削弱，并开始在服务于以色列利益的“一体化政策”下重建与双方关系。经过二十余年的军事占领，巴以之间确立了一种不平等的经济关系，被占区在生产、市场、就业等诸多方面陷入严重被动的局面，完全失去了独立与自主性，从而由以色列牢牢把持在手里。四、奥斯陆时期巴勒斯坦的经济。1993年9月《奥斯陆协议》签署后巴勒斯坦经济发展进入一个新阶段，国际社会向巴自治区提供了大量经济援助，自治政府也制定了振兴经济的长远计划，把鼓励出口、扩大投资、创造就业、发展新型现代化经济作为自身的奋斗目标。在多方努力下，巴勒斯坦经济重建略有起色，但与此同时以西北大学博士学位论文色列对西岸和加沙的频繁封锁也开始了。基本伴随整个奥斯陆时期的封锁加剧了巴勒斯坦发展经济的难度，导致了资金严重短缺、生产发展缓慢、失业率居高不下、财政入不敷出的局面，越来越多的巴勒斯坦人陷入经济困境之中。2000年9 月的“阿克萨”起义就是巴民众对奥斯陆和平进程不满的一种表露。通过对巴勒斯坦经济四个阶段发展历程的考察，我们可以看出巴经济发展的几个突出特征：第一，自16世纪以来，巴勒斯坦始终处于一种被外来力量统治的状态下，经济发展没有得到一个代表本地区民众利益的政治主导力量的引领和扶持，这就从最根本上制约了巴勒斯坦经济的健康发展。第二，外来占领造成了巴勒斯坦经济的畸形发展。殖民者占领巴勒斯坦首先考虑的是自身利益，这是巴经济发展的一个前提性障碍。在英国委任统治时期，委任当局为了自己在中东的战略利益，采取“扶犹排阿”的政策，使得犹太社团经济在剥削阿拉伯社团经济的基础上不断发展壮大，而置阿拉伯社团经济于十分不利的地位。约旦统治西岸期间，该地区从未成为约旦政府施行任何重大经济举措的对象，而埃及更是把加沙地带作为完全不同于自身的一个单位来管理，使加沙成为“巴勒斯坦被遗忘的角落”、“阿拉伯世界的黑洞”。1967年以色列占领西岸和加沙后，通过实行服务于以色列经济的“一体化政策”，使巴勒斯坦经济畸形发展，如经济结构失衡、生产要素匾乏、经济运行机制不合理、基础设施严重滞后，这一切都使得巴勒斯坦经济处于举步维艰的境地。第三，巴勒斯坦经济严重依赖外生性因素。由于自身发展的病态及落后，巴勒斯坦经济依赖外生性因素尤其是以色列经济的特征非常明显。第四，巴勒斯坦经济受到全球化的强烈冲击。巴以和平进程启动后，在巴勒斯坦经济的发展与重建中，世界银行作为推动经济全球化的一支积极力量扮演着至关重要的角色，也可以说在某种程度上控制了巴勒斯坦经济。世行按照自己的意愿要求巴勒斯坦实行新自由主义经济政策，，减少国家干预，迎合全球化潮流。这一政策从理论角度看无可挑剔，但它往往脱离巴勒斯坦的实际情况，巴自治政府盲目采用这一政策已导致巴勒斯坦出现严重的经济和社会问题。全球化使巴勒斯坦处于经济崩溃的边缘。第五，经济的落后从根本上制约了巴勒斯坦民族解放运动的成功。巴各抵抗派别和巴解组织自成立之日起，就把解放巴勒斯坦全境作为追求的目标，但这一战略目标由于没有经
[Abstract]:The Middle East has always been a hot spot in the Middle East for more than half a century, and its central and Pakistani issues have become hot spots. The study of Israel in Palestine relations has become a "study" in the domestic middle east research in 1990s. Comparatively speaking, the study on the Palestine is much weaker, especially the research on the Palestinian economy. But in fact, in the process of the Palestinian Israeli peace talks, the Palestinian economic status is just as weak as it is, which has led to the step of the Palestinian side. As a dissertation of the Arabia economic study of Palestine, we hope to provide a new perspective of analyzing the tortuous and tortuous roots of the Palestinian national liberation movement through the historical investigation of this issue.
This paper tries to use the systematic approach in the methodology of Marx's social science of social science, using its holistic principle, the principle of interrelation, the principle of order, the principle of dynamics, the principle of quantification as the basic theoretical guidance for the study and analysis of the economic development of the Palestinian Arabia. Under the guidance of the above theory and method, On the basis of the careful combing of the complex foreign language materials, the thesis makes an overall and objective analysis of the development course of the post war Palestinian Arabia economy in four stages.
First, the economic development of the Palestinian Arabia community during the period of the British mandate. The Palestinian Arabia economy, at the stage of the former capitalist development, was not only subjected to the exploitation and policy discrimination of the British mandated authorities, but also the violent impact of the Jewish community economy, which was born across the world, and the low productivity and population pressure. The Palestinian people are deeply in debt. The economic disadvantage of the Palestinian Arabia community in Palestine buried deep hidden dangers in Pakistan Relations. Two, Palestinian Arabia people lost most of their land after the Middle East War of.1948 in 1948-1967, and the only left of the Jordan River. The bank and Gaza Strip also belong to the Jordanian and Egyptian jurisdiction. In the case of the interruption of the traditional economic ties and the absence of the emphasis of the government of Jordan and Egypt, the two lands have been faltering for more than a decade, but three, the occupied Palestinian economy, after the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza in.1967, was previously and adjacent to the neighbouring land. The economic ties of the region were completely destroyed, or greatly weakened, and began to rebuild relations with the two parties under the "integration policy" of serving the interests of Israel. After more than twenty years of military occupation, an unequal economic relationship was established between Palestine and Israel, and the occupied areas were heavily passive in many aspects, such as birth, market, and employment. The situation has completely lost independence and autonomy, which is firmly held in hand by Israel. Four, Palestinian economic development entered a new stage after the signing of the Oslo agreement of the Palestinian economy in Oslo during the period of.1993 in September, the Oslo agreement, and the international community provided a large amount of economic assistance to the Palestinian autonomous region, and the autonomous government has also formulated a revitalization of the economy. In the long run, it is a goal to encourage exports, expand investment, create jobs and develop a new modern economy. In many ways, the reconstruction of the Palestinian economy has slightly improved, but at the same time
Doctoral dissertations of Northwestern University
The blockade of the West Bank and Gaza has also begun. The blockade intensified along with the whole Oslo period.
The difficulty of developing Palestinian economy led to serious shortage of funds, slow production development and high unemployment rate.
Under the situation of fiscal deficits, more and more Palestinians are in financial difficulties,.2000 9
The month of Al-aqsa uprising is a manifestation of Palestinian people's dissatisfaction with the peace process in Oslo.
Through the inspection of the four stages of the development of Palestinian economy, we can see the development of Pakistan's economy.
Several prominent features: first, Palestine has always been ruled by external forces since sixteenth Century.
The economic development has not been led by a political leading force representing the interests of the people of the region.
Support, which fundamentally restricts the healthy development of the Palestinian economy. Second, foreign occupation has resulted.
The abnormal development of Palestinian economy. The first thing that colonists occupied Palestine was their own interests.
A prerequisite obstacle to economic development. During the British rule of appointment, the appointments authority was in the Middle East.
With the policy of "promoting the unity of the Jews", the Jewish community economy exploited the economy of Arabia's associations.
On the basis of constant growth and expansion, the Arabia society is at a very disadvantageous position. Jordan rules the West Bank.
During the period, the region has never been the target of any major economic initiatives undertaken by the Jordanian government.
The sand belt is managed as a unit entirely different from itself, making Gaza the "forgotten Palestinian".
"Corner", "black hole in the Arabia world", Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza after.1967.
The "integration policy" of the Israeli economy has made the Palestinian economy degenerate, such as the unbalanced economic structure.
The lack of factors of production, the irrational operation of the economy and the serious lagging of infrastructure, all of which made Burroughs.
The economy is in a difficult position. Third, the Palestinian economy is heavily dependent on exogenous factors.
The Palestinian economy depends on exogenous factors, especially the characteristics of the Israeli economy.
Chang Ming Hsin. Fourth, the Palestinian economy was strongly impacted by globalization. After the Israeli Palestinian peace process started,
In the development and reconstruction of Palestinian economy, the world bank acts as a positive force to promote economic globalization.
Playing a crucial role, it can also be said to control the Palestinian economy to some extent.
The desire of Palestine requires Palestine to adopt neoliberal economic policy, reduce state intervention and cater to the tide of globalization.
This policy is impeccable from a theoretical perspective, but it is often divorced from the reality of Palestine.
The blind adoption of this policy by the government has led to serious economic and social problems in Palestine.
Palestine is on the brink of economic collapse. Fifth, the backwardness of the economy has fundamentally hampered the Palestinian nation.
The success of the liberation movement. The Palestinian resistance faction and the PLO organized the liberation of Palestine from the day of its establishment.
Environment is a goal pursued, but this strategic goal is not achieved.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K381

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