美国的新保守主义思想及其实践

发布时间：2018-05-31 04:40

本文选题：美国 + 新保守主义　；参考：《山东师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 美国的新保守主义思想是20世纪60年代以来出现的一种保守主义,由于有别于美国共和党的传统保守主义,因此被称为“新保守主义”。新保守主义主要从自由主义转变而来,一些左派自由主义分子反对20世纪60年代自由主义的激进变革,思想趋于保守,从而形成新保守主义。美国的新保守主义勃兴于里根时代,在经过短暂的沉寂后,乘着乔治·W.布什入主白宫之东风,再度左右了美国内政外交与国家战略。一批新保守主义者同时把持著名思想库和舆论喉舌,为之摇旗呐喊,引起国内外的巨大关注。对美国新保守主义思想及其实践进行研究,有助于我们更加透彻地理解美国国内外政策的制定背景、执行效果及其带来的影响,也有助于我们更准确地把握美国的未来走向,为构建和谐的中美关系做出预见性的分析。本文运用唯物主义史观和定性分析的研究方法,在借鉴相关国内外研究成果的基础上,对美国新保守主义思想及其实践进行了深入研究。对于美国新保守主义思想的发展脉络的研究,本文以时序为轴线,分别探讨了其产生的背景及其发展的三个阶段。对于该思想在美国的实践,论文主要选取了有针对性和代表性的几个时段和领域,较为全面地反映了该思潮对于美国的深远影响。新保守主义的兴起有着深刻的社会根源,它是垄断资本主义发展及其矛盾日益加深的必然产物。美国的新保守主义思想则是战后美国传统自由主义和传统保守主义的“新综合”。它是作为自由主义的对立物而出现的,同时,由于美国历史传统和社会状况的影响,这种新兴的保守主义思潮也继承了美国传统的保守主义理论体系。新保守主义在美国的发展脉络经历了20世纪60年代后期和整个70年代的从萌芽到渐成规模,80年代和冷战结束后几年的勃兴和沉寂,到20世纪90年代以来的再次复兴和辉煌。经过70年代到90年代的发展,新保守主义逐步发展完善了其理论基础,成为美国政治舞台上一支重要力量。进入21世纪后,新保守主义思想在很大程度上几乎主导了美国国内外政策的制定原则和执行方向。美国的新保守主义与传统的保守主义及其它的社会思潮有着许多不同之处,其新意主要体现在“自然权利学说”的哲学基础和对国家对外政策与国际关系的关注上。美国新保守主义思想的主要观点包括了对社会发展、阶级结构、社会平等、民主制度以及对外战略等内容的思考,形成了较为系统的理论主张。作为一种影响深远的社会思潮,美国的新保守主义自产生之日起就通过政府内外的新保守派付诸实践。该思潮在实践层面的影响主要体现于美国的外交政策和国际战略决策上,同时也深刻地影响着美国政府的对华政策。新保守派是美国的新保守主义思想得以付诸实践的执行者,他们在政府中的地位和影响力,使得美国政府的国内政策、外交防务、对外战略乃至对华政策都深深地刻上了新保守主义的烙印。从里根主义到新里根主义,反映出新保守主义思想仍然留存着浓厚的冷战思维,也彰显了新保守主义极强的自我调节和完善能力。布什新政府从“布什主义”到“新布什主义”的外交政策的变化,是对在新保守派主导下单边主义外交政策反思的结果,但这种变化的最终目的终究还是为了构建美国主导下的单极世界。冷战后美国新保守主义制造了一系列对华政策话语,成为影响中美关系发展的重要因素。
[Abstract]:The Neo conservatism in the United States is a conservatism since the 1960s. Because of its traditional conservatism, it is called "Neo conservatism". The new conservatism mainly comes from liberalism, and some leftist liberalism disagrees with the radical change of the liberalism in 1960s. The ideas tend to be conservative, thus forming new conservatism. The new conservatism of the United States flourished in the era of Reagan. After a short silence, George W. Bush became the east wind of the White House, and the American internal and foreign affairs and national strategy were left and right. A group of new conservatives held the famous thought bank and the voice of public opinion to shake the flag at the same time. The study of American Neo conservatism and its practice will help us to understand more thoroughly the background of the policy making at home and abroad, the effect and the influence of the United States, and help us to grasp the future trend of the United States more accurately and make a preview of the construction of a harmonious Sino US relationship. See the analysis of sex.
Based on the research methods of historical materialism and qualitative analysis, this paper makes a thorough study of American Neo conservatism and its practice on the basis of relevant domestic and foreign research results. The research on the development of American Neo conservatism thought is based on time series as the axis, and discusses its background and development. The three stages of the exhibition. With regard to the practice of the thought in the United States, the paper mainly selects several periods and fields of pertinence and representativeness, which reflect the far-reaching influence of this trend of thought on the United States.
The rise of Neo conservatism has a profound social root. It is the inevitable product of the development of monopoly capitalism and the deepening of its contradictions. The new conservative ideology of the United States is the "new synthesis" of the post-war American traditional liberalism and traditional conservatism. It appears as a antagonist of liberalism, at the same time, as a result of the American calendar. The influence of historical traditions and social conditions, this new conservative trend of conservatism also inherited the traditional American conservative theory system. The development of new conservatism in the United States experienced the beginning of the 1960s and the whole 70s from the germination to the gradual formation, the prosperity and silence of the years after the 80s and the end of the cold war, to twentieth Century 90 After the 70s to 90s, the new conservatism gradually developed and perfected its theoretical basis and became an important force on the political stage of the United States. After the entry of twenty-first Century, the new conservatism thought to a large extent led to the principle and direction of the formulation of domestic and foreign policy in the United States.
The new conservatism in the United States has many differences with the traditional conservatism and other social trends. Its new meaning is mainly embodied in the philosophical basis of the "natural rights theory" and the attention to the national foreign policy and international relations. The main points of the American Neo conservative thought include the social development, class structure and society. The thinking of equality, democracy and foreign strategy has formed a more systematic theoretical proposition.
As a far-reaching social trend of thought, the new conservatism in the United States has been put into practice from the new conservatives inside and outside the government since its emergence. The influence of this trend on the practical level is mainly reflected in the American foreign policy and international strategic decision, but also deeply affects the American government's policy towards China. The new conservatives are beautiful. The status and influence of the new conservatism thought in the government, their position and influence in the government made the American government's domestic policy, diplomatic defense, foreign strategy and even China's policy deeply engraved with the brand of new conservatism. From Reagan to new Reagan, the new conservatism is still retained. The strong self-regulation and perfection of the new conservatism, with a strong cold war thinking, is the result of the change of the foreign policy of Bush's new government from "Bush doctrine" to "new Bush doctrine", which is the result of the reflection on the unilateralism foreign policy under the new conservatives, but the final purpose of this change is still to be constructed. The United States led the unipolar world. After the cold war, US Neo conservatism created a series of policy discourse on China, and became an important factor affecting the development of Sino US relations.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54

【引证文献】