十八、十九世纪奥斯曼帝国与欧洲文化交往研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 17:19

本文选题：奥斯曼帝国 + 奥斯曼帝国文化　；参考：《西北大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 本论文以马克思主义唯物史观为指导,坚持既重史实又重分析的原则,对十八、十九奥斯曼帝国与欧洲的文化关系进行研究。在写作方法上注重用发展和变化的眼光看问题,既分析了特定历史条件下的具体事件,又将其置于错综复杂的时代背景之下进行剖析。论文通过对十八世纪以后欧洲国家与奥斯曼帝国内部各种因素及各自文化特点的分析等来探究奥斯曼帝国文化与欧洲文化交往的特点。作为一个地跨亚、非、欧三大洲,并且与西欧国家接壤的帝国,奥斯曼帝国在其存续的五百多年时间里与欧洲国家之间有着形式多样的文化交往。十八世纪以来,包括交通工具及通讯手段在内的科学技术在欧洲得到突飞猛进的发展,欧州国家迅速强大;它们开始向世界其它地区扩展,客观上加强了同各地的文化交往,奥斯曼帝国作为欧洲国家向东方发展的第一个邻国,首当其冲地与欧洲文化相遇。自1683年围攻维也纳失败后,奥斯曼帝国对于欧洲转变为以守为主的形势:1798年拿破仑登陆埃及,标志着资本主义欧洲对奥斯曼帝国全面入侵的开始,它引发了近代史上的“东方问题”,开启了奥斯曼帝国文化与欧洲文化深入交往的历史,因此本文旨在对十八世纪末到十九世纪末期间双方的文化交往进行分析与探讨。本文分作绪论、正文六章、结论等共八部分。绪论主要阐释了本文的研究目的和意义、国内外研究现状、写作的指导思想和方法、论文的主要内容和特色。指出本文是针对十八、十九世纪作为交往两大主体的奥斯曼帝国文化和欧洲文化之间的交往进行研究的,对于两者之间的文化交往研究有着历史的现实的意义。第一章主要针对作为交往主体之一的奥斯曼帝国传统文化的构成、特征和成就进行了探讨。分析构成奥斯曼帝国文化中的伊斯兰因素、突厥因素和其他因素:奥斯曼文化的独特性、宽容性和开放性特征以及奥斯曼文化在建筑、文学和其他方面所取得的成就。第二章分析了交往的另一主体——欧洲文化的构成、特征和成就。分析欧洲文化中的希腊罗马因素、基督教因素和其他因素;欧洲文化中的基督教影响、重商主义传统和扩张主义的特征以及欧洲文化在思想领域、科技领域和其他领域所取得的成就。第三章则分析了两种文化交往的时代特征。即双方的交往处于欧洲的迅速发展和上升及帝国的衰落时期。这一时代特征决定了在双方的交往中奥斯曼帝国文化更多地受到欧洲文化的挑战以及由此而来的影响。第四章重点论述了奥斯曼帝国后期的改革对双方文化交往的影响。帝国的改革本身是与欧洲文化交往的结果。帝国后期的穆罕默德·阿里改革为帝国本土的改革提供了参考;谢里姆三世和麦哈迈德二世改革为帝国后期更大的改革——坦齐马特改革奠定了基础;坦齐马特改革在很多方面借鉴和吸纳了欧洲文化的成就,是帝国后期较为成功的一次改革;哈米德二世时期在一定程度上延续着前面的改革。第五章则探讨欧洲文化对帝国文化的影响。分析欧洲文化对帝国文化产生影响的方式和主要表现;并分别阐述了英国、法国和德国对帝国文化的影响。第六章探讨了在与欧洲文化交往的作用下帝国现代性的生成。奥斯曼帝国后期与欧洲文化的交往为帝国现代性的生成产生了重要影响。帝国后期的现代性在物质文明和精神文明领域都显示出来。另外,伊斯坦布尔作为帝国后期与欧洲文化交往比较集中的一座城市,它的现代化变化充分显示了双方文化交往的成果。本文关于奥斯曼帝国与欧洲文化交往的研究结论如下:1.十八、十九世纪奥斯曼帝国文化与欧洲文化之间是一种“挑战-应战”的逻辑关系与交往结构,但二者之间明显存在差异。2.双方文化交往的矛盾与不对等更多地表现为欧洲文化对帝国文化的影响以及社会形态发展的错位。3.欧洲文化与奥斯曼帝国文化交往结构为多样性主体(英、法、德等)影响单一性客体(奥斯曼帝国)的关系。4.奥斯曼帝国与欧洲文化交往的历史成为现代土耳其继承和革新的资源。5.考察双方文化交往在学术视角与方法论上应摒弃欧洲中心论的思想。
[Abstract]:This paper, guided by the historical materialism of Marx, insists on the principles of both historical facts and analysis, and studies the cultural relations between the eighteen and the nineteen Osman Empire and Europe. Under the background of the times, the paper explores the characteristics of Osman's imperial culture and European cultural communication through the analysis of the various factors in the European countries and the Osman empire after the eighteenth Century and their respective cultural characteristics.
As a land across Asia, Africa, Europe, three continents, and the Empire bordering on Western European countries, the Osman Empire has a variety of cultural exchanges with European countries in the last five hundred years of its existence. Since eighteenth Century, science and technology, including transportation and communication, have developed rapidly in Europe. The country was fast and powerful; they began to expand to the rest of the world and objectively strengthened cultural exchanges with other parts of the world. As the first neighbour of the European countries to develop to the East, the Osman Empire met with the European culture. Since the failure of the siege of Vienna in 1683, the Osman Empire turned to a dominant situation in Europe. In 1798, Napoleon landed in Egypt, marking the beginning of the full invasion of the Osman empire by capitalist Europe. It triggered the "Oriental problem" in modern history and opened the history of the deep association between the Osman Empire culture and the European culture. Therefore, this article aims to divide the cultural exchanges between the end of the eighteenth Century and the end of nineteenth Century. Analysis and discussion.
This article is divided into eight parts: introduction, six chapters, conclusion and so on.
The introduction mainly explains the purpose and significance of the study, the status of the research at home and abroad, the guiding ideology and methods of writing, the main contents and characteristics of the thesis. It is pointed out that this article is aimed at the study of the association between the Osman Empire culture and the European culture as the two main body of communication in the eighteen and nineteenth Century, and the culture between the two. The study of communication has the realistic significance of history.
The first chapter mainly focuses on the composition, characteristics and achievements of the traditional culture of Osman Empire, one of the main bodies of communication. It analyzes the Islamic factors, the Turkic factors and other factors in the culture of the Osman Empire: the uniqueness of Osman culture, the tolerance and openness, and the culture of Osman in architecture, literature and its culture. His achievements have been made.
The second chapter analyzes the other body of communication, the composition, characteristics and achievements of European culture. The analysis of the Greek and Rome factors in the European culture, the Christian and other factors, the Christian influence in European culture, the characteristics of the mercantilism tradition and expansionism, and the European culture in the field of thought, science and technology and other fields Achievement.
The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of the times of the two kinds of cultural exchanges, namely, the rapid development and rise of Europe and the decline of the Empire. The characteristics of this era determine that the Osman Empire culture is more challenged by the European culture and the influence of the culture in the interaction of both sides.
The fourth chapter focuses on the influence of the reform of the late Osman empire on the cultural exchanges between the two sides. The reform of the Empire itself is the result of the cultural exchanges with Europe. The reform of Mohamed Ali in the later period of the Empire provides a reference for the reform of the Empire, and the reform of shelim III and Mai Ahmed II is the greater reform in the later period of the Empire. The reform of Tanzi Matt laid the foundation; the tanzemart reform used and absorbed the achievements of European culture in many ways. It was a successful reform in the later period of the Empire; the Hamid S period continued to a certain extent the previous reform.
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of European culture on imperial culture, analyzes the ways and main manifestations of the influence of European culture on imperial culture, and expounds the influence of Britain, France and Germany on imperial culture.
The sixth chapter discusses the generation of imperial modernity under the role of European cultural interaction. The association of the late Osman empire with European culture has an important influence on the generation of imperial modernity. The modernity of the later empire was shown in the field of material civilization and spiritual civilization. In addition, Istanbul was the later period of the Empire and Europe. The modern change of a city which is more concentrated in cultural exchanges fully demonstrates the results of cultural exchanges between the two sides.
The conclusions of the Osman Empire and European cultural communication are as follows: 1. eighteen, in nineteenth Century, between the Osman Empire culture and the European culture, the relationship between the "challenge and the challenge" is a logical relationship and communication structure, but there is a significant difference between the two and the differences between the cultural exchanges between the two sides as the European culture. The influence of the imperial culture and the dislocation of the social form development.3. European culture and the cultural communication structure of Osman Empire (British, French, German, etc.) the relationship between the single object (Osman Empire) and the relationship between the Osman Empire and the European culture, the history of the cultural exchanges between the Osman Empire and the European culture has become the resource of the inheritance and innovation of modern Turkey. Cultural exchanges should abandon the idea of European centrism in academic perspective and methodology.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K374.3

【参考文献】