浅析美国联邦取消公立学校种族隔离的政策1954-1980

发布时间：2018-06-02 02:51

本文选题：公立学校 + 种族隔离　；参考：《东北师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：种族隔离在美国这样一个移民国家一直以来都是一个引人注目的问题。公立学校种族隔离制度则是种族隔离问题在美国教育方面的一个具体体现。在奴隶制盛行的时代,黑人奴隶根本没有受教育权。奴隶制废除后,黑人有了受教育权,但是在公立学校中又遭到了隔离。直到1954年“布朗诉教育委员会案”,美国才从法律上宣告了种族隔离制度的消亡,但由于各种因素,州取消公立学校种族隔离的速度仍十分缓慢。本文主要研究从1954到1980年美国联邦取消公立学校种族隔离制度的演变及影响。关于这方面的研究,国内的相关论述较少,零星出现在种族和教育方面的论文当中,缺少对美国联邦取消公立学校种族隔离问题的系统性研究。本文则在前人研究成果的基础上,对美国公立学校取消种族隔离的各个进程作一梳理,具体分析其发展进程中的种种积极与不利因素,点明这一举措的重大意义。希望通过这一论述,能对美国联邦取消公立学校种族隔离有一个宏观且细致的把握。本文主要由四部分构成,每部分的主要内容为: 引言部分主要介绍国内外研究现状,本文的研究内容、研究方法以及不足等。正文第一部分主要围绕“取消种族隔离初步进展”展开,主要阐述美国最高法院如何推翻“隔离但平等”原则,拉开联邦取消公立学校种族隔离的序幕。此外,分析了取消学校种族隔离实际进程缓慢的原因。正文第二部分主要研究美国联邦在取消种族隔离方面的进展,详细阐述了美国联邦立法、行政和司法三个部门取消种族隔离所采取的行动。其中包括:国会颁布了《1964年民权法》奠定了取消公立学校种族隔离的法律基础;行政部门大力实施取消学校种族隔离的法律;最高法院进一步取消公立学校种族隔离。正文第三部分论述了总统、国会和最高法院取消公立学校种族隔离走向缓和。正文第四部分则分析了美国联邦取消公立学校种族隔离带来的影响,对其利弊进行了审慎、细致的衡量。结语部分对整个全文进行了归纳总结,并指出取消公立学校种族隔离的意义:使得黑人学生享受到了公平教育,为建立多民族的和谐社会奠定了基础,有利于社会公平。
[Abstract]:Apartheid has long been a noticeable issue in an immigrant country like the United States. Segregation in public schools is a concrete manifestation of apartheid in American education. In the days of slavery, black slaves had no right to education. After the abolition of slavery, blacks had the right to education, but were segregated in public schools. It was not until the Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954 that the United States legally declared the demise of apartheid, but due to various factors, the state was still slow to abolish apartheid in public schools. This paper focuses on the evolution and influence of the federal abolition of segregation in public schools from 1954 to 1980. There are few studies on this field in China, and there are few papers on race and education, and there is no systematic research on the problem of the federal abolition of racial segregation in public schools in the United States. On the basis of the previous research results, this paper makes a combing of the process of American public schools to eliminate apartheid, analyzes the various positive and unfavorable factors in the process of its development, and points out the great significance of this measure. Through this discussion, we hope to have a macro and detailed understanding of the federal abolition of segregation in public schools. This paper is mainly composed of four parts. The main contents of each part are as follows: The introduction mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research situation, the research content, the research method and the insufficiency and so on. The first part of the text mainly revolves around "the preliminary progress of the elimination of apartheid", mainly expounds how the Supreme Court of the United States overthrew the principle of "segregation but equality", and kicked off the prologue of the federal abolition of apartheid in public schools. In addition, the reasons for the slow process of school apartheid are analyzed. The second part of the text mainly studies the progress of the United States in the elimination of apartheid, and expounds in detail the action taken by the federal legislative, executive and judicial departments of the United States to eliminate apartheid. These include: the enactment by Congress of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which laid the legal basis for the abolition of apartheid in public schools; the vigorous enforcement by the executive branch of the law on the abolition of apartheid in schools; and the further abolition of apartheid in public schools by the Supreme Court. The third part of the text discusses the president, Congress and the Supreme Court to eliminate apartheid in public schools toward easing. The fourth part of the text analyzes the influence of the federal deconcentration of public schools, and makes a careful and careful measurement of its advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion part summarizes the whole text and points out the significance of abolishing the apartheid in public schools: it makes black students enjoy fair education and lays the foundation for the establishment of a harmonious society of many nationalities which is beneficial to social equity.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712

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