论布莱尔第一届政府的新混合经济政策

发布时间：2018-06-04 02:13

本文选题：英国新工党 + 新混合经济　；参考：《山东师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1997年5月,工党领袖布莱尔作为英国新首相上台执政,从此结束了保守党连续18年执政的局面。布莱尔第一届政府执政前,撒切尔夫人的“自由放任主义”政策创造了英国经济增长的神话,其经济运行状况总体上呈增长趋势,但是自由放任政策同时导致贫富差距扩大、社会道德沦丧等社会问题。面对国内的经济现状,布莱尔政府提出了“新混合经济”政策。新混合经济政策在保留和继承撒切尔的“自由放任经济”政策的前提下,对其进行了批判和改革创新。同时新混合经济政策也吸收了老工党的观点,重新对国家的职能进行了定位。本文力求全面而深刻地对布莱尔“新混合经济”加以分析认识,把握其与老工党混合经济及保守党新自由主义经济理论的区别与联系,论证新工党经济理论在当代所发生的新变化。最后,本文认为“新混合经济”的提出是顺应时代发展的,虽然还存在着束缚其发展的瓶颈,但其在今后一段时间内的发展还是乐观的。本文的主体部分由五部分组成: 一、布莱尔政府“新混合经济”提出的国内国际背景。1997年,英国面临着经济全球化带来的资本外逃、国内失业率人数增多、政府福利开支庞大、社会贫富差距加大等一系列问题,同时老工党由于坚持已不符合时代变化的老政策而失去了工人阶级的信任。在这样的国际国内背景下,布莱尔政府提出了迫切解决国内经济问题的“新混合经济”政策。二、布莱尔政府“新混合经济”的新主张。在所有制问题上,新工党放弃了传统的公有制要求和国有化目标,主张建立一种“参与制社会”,即“人人所有的社会所有制”;在国家和市场问题上,布莱尔认为应保持国家和市场的平衡关系,即市场秩序需要国家来规范,国家对市场起监督和调控作用。三、布莱尔政府“新混合经济”的具体政策。1997年布莱尔上台后,提出了一系列的经济政策:从紧、透明的、宏观的货币和财政税收政策;加大投资、建设企业经济、重视教育和培训、创建知识经济、发展旅游经济等微观经济政策。四、新工党与老工党及与保守党经济政策主张的比较。在“新混合经济”政策中有对老工党经济中所有制问题的抛弃,也有对国家调控市场经济职能的继承。同时,新工党的“新混合经济”政策与保守党的经济政策在保持私有化问题上、增支减税、提高生产率等政策上趋同是很明显的,但在处理国家与市场的关系问题上存在差异。五、对“新混合经济”政策的评析。“新混合经济”政策的实施一方面给英国经济带来了增长,其有创新性、实用性、折衷性等特点,另一方面其继续实施也面临着低生产率、制造业极度萎缩、教育发展较慢、劳动力素质偏低等困境。
[Abstract]:In May 1997, Labour Party leader Tony Blair came to power as Britain's new prime minister, ending 18 consecutive years of Conservative rule. Before Blair's first government, Thatcher's "laissez-faire" policy created the myth of Britain's economic growth, and its economic performance generally showed a growing trend, but the laissez-faire policy also led to a widening gap between the rich and the poor. Social problems such as the loss of social morality. In the face of the domestic economic situation, Blair government put forward the "new mixed economy" policy. On the premise of retaining and inheriting Thatcher's "laissez-faire economy", the new mixed economic policy criticizes and innovates it. At the same time, the new mixed economic policy also absorbed the views of the old Labour Party and redefined the functions of the state. This paper tries to make a comprehensive and profound analysis of Blair's "new mixed economy", and to grasp the difference and connection between Blair's mixed economy and the old Labour Party's mixed economy and the Conservative neoliberal economic theory. To demonstrate the new changes in the economic theory of the New Labour Party in the contemporary era. Finally, this paper holds that the "new mixed economy" is in line with the development of the times. Although there are still bottlenecks in its development, the development of the new mixed economy is optimistic for some time to come. The main part of this paper consists of five parts: First, the domestic and international background put forward by the Blair government's "new mixed economy." in 1997, Britain was faced with capital flight brought about by economic globalization, the number of domestic unemployment rates increased, and the government spending on welfare was huge. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened, and the old Labour Party has lost the trust of the working class by insisting on an old policy that is out of keeping with the changing times. Under this international and domestic background, Blair government put forward the "new mixed economy" policy to solve the domestic economic problems urgently. Second, the Blair government's new idea of a "new mixed economy." On the issue of ownership, the New Labour Party abandoned the traditional requirement of public ownership and the goal of nationalization, and advocated the establishment of a "participatory society", that is, "social ownership for all"; in the case of the state and the market, Blair held that a balanced relationship between the state and the market should be maintained, that is, the order of the market needs to be regulated by the state, and the state plays a supervisory and regulatory role in the market. Third, the specific policies of the Blair government for the "new mixed economy." after Blair came to power in 1997, he put forward a series of economic policies: tight, transparent, macroeconomic monetary and fiscal policies; increased investment; and construction of the enterprise economy. Pay attention to education and training, create knowledge economy, develop tourism economy and other microeconomic policies. Fourth, the New Labour Party and the old Labour Party and the Conservative Party economic policy proposition comparison. In the policy of "new mixed economy" there is the abandonment of the ownership problem in the old Labor Party economy and the succession of the function of the state to regulate the market economy. At the same time, the New Labor Party's "new mixed economy" policy and the Conservative Party's economic policy have obvious convergence in maintaining privatization, increasing expenditure and reducing taxes, increasing productivity, etc., but there are differences in dealing with the relationship between the state and the market. Fifth, comment on the policy of "new mixed economy". On the one hand, the implementation of the "new mixed economy" policy has brought growth to the British economy, which is innovative, practical and eclectic. On the other hand, its continued implementation also faces low productivity, extremely shrinking manufacturing, and slow development of education. The quality of labor force is on the low side and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F156.1;K561.5

【参考文献】