工业革命与美国移民政策转变的研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 13:37

本文选题：工业革命 + 移民政策　；参考：《辽宁大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 美国第一次工业革命开始于18世纪末,当时美国国内总人口仅有393万,但1790-1860年美国迎来了第一次移民潮,到美国的移民达500多万人。南北战争结束以后,美国开始了第二次工业革命并且迅猛发展,使得美国又出现大量劳动力短缺。因而从1860年到1920年美国又迎来了移民的第二次高潮。这次移民潮波涛汹涌,影响持久深远,期间,有3000多万移民来到美国。美国的这两次移民潮是促成美国工业革命顺利快速完成的主要动力,而工业革命的发展进程又在很大程度上影响了美国的移民政策的制定。本文正文共分四个部分: 绪论,概括叙述选题的缘起及国内外学术研究动态。第一部分,简述美国两次工业革命的概况,分析移民在工业革命时期大量涌入的原因,以及移民为美国的工业革命的完成做出了不可磨灭的贡献。文章从主观因素与客观因素分析了促使外来移民在此期间大量涌入的原因及背景。美国这一时期的发展与辉煌成就,没有移民流血流汗,是绝不可能获得的。第二部分,具体阐述美国移民政策在工业革命时期发生的转变。首先客观地分析了建国初期的移民政策与18世纪末19世纪初移民政策的异同。建国初期,由于种种原因,鼓励外来移民的移民政策实际成效并不显著。而在18世纪末19世纪初随着工业革命的开始,美国的劳动力严重不足,大力鼓励外来移民的政策被有效地执行,仅1815—1860年进入美国的移民就有500万。接着分析了美国19世纪中后期的移民政策。随着内战结束和南方重建展开,美国进入经济高速发展的重要历史阶段,史称“镀金时代”。这一时期,由于美国工业发展迅猛,各工业部门对劳动力的需求则更迫切。因此,美国政府积极出台了一系列吸引外来移民的法令,1866至1900年,共计有13,259,469人进入美国,这些外来移民为美国的经济建设做出了可歌可泣的贡献。随着美国工业革命的完成,经济的发展,移民政策在19世纪末20世纪初逐渐发生了变化,由自由移民政策发展为限制移民的政策。第三部分,分析美国移民政策发生转变的原因。经济因素是促使美国移民政策演变的主要原因,其他因素则服从或迎合了经济发展要求。到20世纪初,美国已经度过了劳动力极端缺乏的时期,经济发展面临的主要任务是大力发展新型工业,对传统工业部门进行改造,对劳动力的素质要求逐步提高,因此对移民的选择越来越严格。当然,政治因素和排外主义思潮对这一时期移民政策的转变也有一定的影响。第四部分,分析工业革命后美国移民的变化。在工业化刚开始的时候,无论是亚洲移民还是东南欧的移民都为美国所用,并做出了巨大贡献。但到19世纪末20世纪初,美国已经进入到“限制欧洲移民,排斥亚洲移民”的时期。这一时期对移民数量和质量、来源地及种族等都有了新的变化。结束语部分,概述移民为美国经济建设做出的贡献与美国当今的移民政策。
[Abstract]:The first industrial revolution in the United States began in the late eighteenth Century, when the total population of the United States was only 3 million 930 thousand. But in 1790-1860 years, the first migration tide was ushered in the United States. The immigrants reached about 5000000 in the United States. After the civil war, the United States began the second industrial revolution and developed rapidly, causing a large number of labor shortages in the United States. From 1860 to 1920, the second climax of immigration was ushered in the United States. This immigrant tide was rough and lasting and lasting. During the period, about 30000000 immigrants came to the United States. The two emigration tides in the United States were the main driving force for the successful and rapid completion of the American Industrial Revolution, and the process of the industrial revolution was greatly influenced by the development of the industrial revolution. The emigration policy was made in the United States.
The text of this article is divided into four parts:
The introduction summarizes the origin of the topic and the academic research trends at home and abroad.
The first part describes the general situation of the two industrial revolution in the United States, analyzes the reasons for the influx of immigrants during the industrial revolution, and makes an indelible contribution to the completion of the industrial revolution in the United States. From the subjective and objective factors, the article analyses the causes and background of the influx of immigrants during this period. The development and brilliant achievements of a period, without emigration and sweat, are by no means possible.
The second part expounds the transformation of American immigration policy during the industrial revolution period. First, it analyzes objectively the similarities and differences between immigration policy in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the immigration policy in the late eighteenth Century and early nineteenth Century. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic, the actual effectiveness of the immigration policy encouraged by immigrants was not significant for a variety of reasons. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, the labor force in the United States was badly inadequate and the policy of encouraging immigrants was effectively implemented. The immigrants entered the United States from 1815 to 1860 only 5 million. Then the immigration policy of the middle and late nineteenth Century of the United States was analyzed. With the end of the civil war and the opening of the southern reconstruction, the United States entered the important history of the rapid economic development. At this stage, history called the "Gilded Age". This period, because of the rapid development of American industry, the demand for labor in the industrial sector was more urgent. Therefore, the United States government has actively introduced a series of laws to attract immigrants. From 1866 to 1900, a total of 13259469 people entered the United States, and these immigrants made the economic construction of the United States. With the completion of the American Industrial Revolution and the development of the economy, the immigration policy changed gradually in the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, and the policy of restricting immigration was developed from the free immigration policy.
The third part analyzes the reasons for the change in American immigration policy. Economic factors are the main reasons for the evolution of American immigration policy. Other factors obey or cater to the demand for economic development. By the beginning of twentieth Century, the United States had spent the period of extreme lack of labor, and the main task faced by the economic development was to develop new industries. To reform the traditional industrial sector and improve the quality of the labor force, the choice of immigration is becoming more and more strict. Of course, political and xenophobia trends also have a certain influence on the change of immigration policy in this period.
The fourth part analyses the change of American immigrants after the industrial revolution. At the beginning of industrialization, both Asian and Southeast European immigrants have made great contributions to the United States. But by the end of the nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the United States had entered the period of "restricting European immigrants and excluding Asian immigrants". New changes have taken place in the number and quality of people, origin and ethnicity.
The concluding remarks include an overview of immigrants' contribution to the US economic development and the current immigration policy in the US.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.3

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