二战初期英国对德国经济战研究（1939.9-1940.6）

发布时间：2018-06-05 06:56

本文选题：经济战 + 第二次世界大战　；参考：《首都师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 战时经济战,作为一种重要而独特的作战形式,在20世纪两次世界大战中被英国充分重视并被成功运用。本文拟对二战初期(1939.9-1940.6)英国对德国经济战的背景、过程、主要措施及间接努力等进行梳理,在深入考察瑞典铁矿砂和罗马尼亚石油问题的基础上,总结效果并做出相应的评价。全文分为四章。第一章介绍二战初期英国对德国经济战的历史背景、现实背景及前期准备。第二章主要考察英国在二战初期对德国实施经济战的过程、措施及其间接努力。经济作战部的成立、禁运货单的发表标志着英国对德国经济战的正式开始。为削弱或破坏德国战时经济“血脉”,英国使用了各种措施,主要包括海上拦截与布雷、“黑名单”与出口许可证制度、与中立国签订战时贸易协定、先买权政策、货源管制等。此外,为获得西班牙、意大利、苏联的合作而使得经济战更加有效,英国做出了各种努力。第三章深入考察了二战初期英国对德国经济战中的瑞典铁矿砂和罗马尼亚石油问题。铁矿砂与石油是二战初期德国最为紧缺的战略物资,在英国对德国经济战的努力中,瑞典铁矿砂与罗马尼亚石油具有极其重要的地位。第四章讨论了英国在二战初期对德国经济战所取得的成就与存在的不足,重新审视了经济战的评判标准,揭示了其失利的根源,肯定了其战略上的积极意义。总之,英国在二战初期对德国的经济战虽然准备充分,实施有力,并取得了一定的成就,有着不可忽视的积极意义,但由于战前英国政府受和平主义思潮影响而消极备战,加之张伯伦的积极绥靖,随着战争初期英国在军事上的节节败退,经济战的成果很快便淹没在了战场失利的浪潮中。
[Abstract]:As an important and unique form of war, wartime economic warfare was fully valued and successfully applied by Britain in the two world wars in the 20th century. This paper intends to comb the background, process, main measures and indirect efforts of the British economic war against Germany in the early stage of World War II. On the basis of a thorough investigation of the problems of iron ore in Sweden and petroleum in Romania, the paper summarizes the results and makes corresponding evaluation. The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the historical background, realistic background and preliminary preparation of British economic war against Germany in the early stage of World War II. The second chapter mainly examines the process, measures and indirect efforts of Britain's economic war against Germany in the early stage of World War II. The establishment of the Economic Warfare Department and the publication of the embargoed cargo list marked the beginning of Britain's economic war against Germany. In order to weaken or destroy the "blood line" of Germany's wartime economy, Britain used various measures, mainly including maritime interception and mining, "blacklist" and export licensing system, wartime trade agreements with neutral countries, and the policy of buying rights first. Source control, etc. In addition, Britain made every effort to gain cooperation from Spain, Italy, and the Soviet Union to make economic war more effective. Chapter three examines the Swedish iron ore and Romanian oil in the economic war between Britain and Germany in the early stage of World War II. Iron ore and oil are the most scarce strategic materials in Germany at the beginning of World War II. Sweden iron ore and Romanian oil play an extremely important role in the British economic war against Germany. The fourth chapter discusses the achievements and shortcomings of the British economic war in the early stage of World War II, reexamines the evaluation criteria of the economic war, reveals the root of its defeat, and affirms its strategic positive significance. In short, although the British economic war against Germany in the early stage of World War II was well prepared, effective, and achieved certain achievements, it has a positive significance that cannot be ignored, but the British government was passively prepared for the war because of the influence of pacifism before the war. In addition to Chamberlain's active appeasement, with Britain's military defeat in the early years of the war, the achievements of the economic war were soon drowned in the wave of battlefield defeat.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K152

【引证文献】