中美关系的演变对越战的影响

发布时间：2018-06-07 21:59

本文选题：中美关系 + 越战　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：上个世纪60、70年代,越南战争爆发。中美直接或间接卷入这场战争。新中国成立前夕,美国派驻华大使司徒雷登与中国共产党进行接触。美国以新中国保护美国既得利益、导向西方为条件,换取美国对新中国的承认。为了国家利益,新中国采取了导向苏联的外交政策。美国开始对中国实行冷战遏制战略。美国主要通过三条战线遏制中国：介入朝鲜战争与中国正面对抗；控制台湾分裂中国；插手印度支那,利用越南遏制中国。美国为了将南越建成反共反华的基地,引发了越南战争。越南战争大致分三个阶段。为了国际共产主义道义和国家安全,中国开展了抗美援越运动。在中国的援助下,美国的特种战争很快失败。为挽救美国在越南的失败,美国大规模向南越派驻美国军队,从一开始增派特种部队和特种武器,到大规模派驻美国陆海空战斗部队,美国将这种特种战争变成越南局部战争。美国扩大侵略战争,激起越南人们的激烈反抗,也引起世界各国的关注和中国、苏联等社会主义国家对越南的更大规模的援助。美国的一次次大规模增兵没能避免南越形式的恶化,局部战争也以失败告终。美国在越南的失败引起美国国内大规模的反战浪潮,不仅如此,长期的战争使美国财政困难、美元贬值和国际收支不平衡,更重要的是,苏联有趁势超过美国的势头。在这种情况下,美国政府决定从越南撤军。要撤军,美国需要中国的帮助。此时美国,多米诺骨牌理论和遏制理论受到批判,随之兴起的是新孤立主义和均势理论。而在国际上,中苏关系严重恶化。国际局势促使中美关系缓和。中美关系缓和,中国进而支持越美和谈。为了早日结束越战,中国在某些问题上说服了越南作出了让步,《巴黎停战协定.》最终签署。
[Abstract]:The Vietnam War broke out in the 1960s and 1970s. China and the United States are directly or indirectly involved in this war. On the eve of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the United States sent its ambassador to China, Leighton Stuart, to contact the Communist Party of China. The United States took New China as a condition for protecting its vested interests and leading to the West in exchange for its recognition of New China. In the interest of the country, New China adopted a foreign policy oriented to the Soviet Union. The United States began its Cold War containment strategy against China. The United States mainly uses three fronts to contain China: to intervene in the Korean War to confront China head-on; to control Taiwan to split China; to intervene in the Indochina and to use Vietnam to contain China. The Vietnam War was initiated by the United States in order to build South Vietnam into an anti-Communist and anti-China base. The Vietnam War was roughly divided into three stages. For the sake of international communist morality and national security, China launched a campaign against the United States and Vietnam. With the aid of China, America's special war was quickly defeated. In order to save the failure of the United States in Vietnam, the United States sent American troops to South Vietnam on a large scale, from increasing special forces and special weapons at the beginning to sending large numbers of American land, sea and air combat units on a large scale. The United States turned this special war into a local war in Vietnam. The expansion of the war of aggression by the United States has aroused the fierce resistance of the Vietnamese people, and also aroused the concern of all countries in the world and the assistance of socialist countries such as China, the Soviet Union and other socialist countries to Vietnam on a larger scale. The massive increase of American troops failed to avoid the deterioration of the South Vietnamese form, and the local war ended in failure. The failure of the United States in Vietnam caused a large-scale anti-war wave in the United States. Moreover, the protracted war made the United States financially difficult, the dollar depreciated and the balance of payments unbalanced, and, more importantly, the Soviet Union had the momentum to surpass the United States. Under such circumstances, the US government decided to withdraw its troops from Vietnam. To withdraw its troops, the United States needs the help of China. At this time, the domino theory and containment theory were criticized, with the rise of new isolationism and balance of power theory. At the international level, relations between China and the Soviet Union have deteriorated seriously. The international situation has contributed to the relaxation of Sino-US relations. Relations between China and the United States eased, and China went on to support the Vietnam-US peace talks. In order to bring an early end to the Vietnam War, China persuaded Vietnam to make concessions on certain issues, and the Paris Armistice Agreement was finally signed.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K153

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