家庭之外的天使：19世纪英国中产阶级妇女与慈善

发布时间：2018-06-08 02:29

本文选题：英国中产阶级妇女 + 慈善活动　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：十九世纪，随着工业革命的发展，英国中产阶级积累了大量财富，迅速崛起。经济条件的改善使得英国中产阶级妇女没有必要再为了家庭生计而辛苦劳作，于是，她们的丈夫期望她们可以欣然呆在家中，料理家务，照顾孩子，成为“家庭天使”。事实上，大量的中产阶级妇女并没有囿于家中，而是走出家门，闯入公共领域，开展了出色的慈善活动，成为了“家庭之外的天使”。由于“家庭天使”这一理想女性形象在当时得到了社会的广泛认可和大力宣传，后世常常误以为“家庭天使”就是当时英国中产阶级妇女的真实写照，因此，，再现她们所从事的慈善活动有助于人们对她们形成客观、深刻的认识。目前，对十九世纪英国中产阶级妇女慈善活动的研究还处在初始阶段，相关研究通常是从历史角度考察她们在济贫、护理、监狱探访、贫民儿童免费教育和挽救妓女等方面的慈善活动。本文采用定性研究的方法，在从不同角度分析、整理与英国中产阶级妇女及其慈善活动相关的各种文献的基础上，通过进一步组织、总结其中有价值的资料，介绍了“家庭天使”这一理想女性形象的形成及其主要特征，展现了十九世纪英国中产阶级妇女在济贫、护理和挽救妓女三个方面开展的慈善活动，并考察了英国中产阶级妇女的慈善动因及其慈善活动对英国第一次女权运动的积极影响。通过对十九世纪英国中产阶级妇女慈善活动的考察，本文发现当时的中产阶级妇女不是像很多人认为的那样被动地接受囿于家中的命运，脱离社会，成为无助的社会旁观者，而是勇敢地走出家门，出色地开展了慈善活动，并很好地利用这些慈善活动扩展了她们的公共活动范围。可以看出，十九世纪英国中产阶级妇女实际上在努力地适应着不断变化的社会。
[Abstract]:In nineteenth Century, with the development of the industrial revolution, the British middle class accumulated a lot of wealth and rose rapidly. The improvement of the economic conditions made the middle class British women do not have to work hard for family livelihood. So their husbands expected them to stay at home, to take care of the housework, to take care of their children and become "family days." In fact, a large number of middle class women are not confined to their homes, but go out of their homes, break into the public field, carry out excellent charitable activities and become "angels outside the family". The family angel is the true portrayal of the British middle class women at that time. Therefore, the reappearance of their charitable activities helps people to form an objective and profound understanding of them. At present, the study of the philanthropic activities of the British middle class women in the nineteenth Century is still in the initial stage, and the related research is usually viewed from a historical perspective. Charity activities in the areas of poverty relief, nursing, prison visits, free education for poor children and prostitutes.
On the basis of a variety of literature related to the British middle class women and their charitable activities, this paper, based on the qualitative research, summarizes the valuable information and introduces the formation and main features of the ideal female image of the "family angel" by further organizing and summarizing various literature related to the British middle class women and their charity activities. The British middle class women in the poor, nursing and saving prostitutes in three aspects of charity activities, and examined the charitable motives of the British middle class women and the positive impact of charity activities on the first feminist movement in Britain.
Through the investigation of the philanthropic activities of the middle class women in Britain in nineteenth Century, it is found that the middle class women at that time did not accept the fate of the family in a passive way as many people thought, separated from society, and became helpless social spectators, but bravely walked out of the family and carried out charitable activities well and made good use of them. These philanthropic activities expand their scope of public activity. It can be seen that in nineteenth Century the British middle class women were actually trying to adapt to the changing society.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561.43;D756.1

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