试析13-16世纪英格兰律师阶层与法律学徒的身份转变

发布时间：2018-06-09 16:04

本文选题：英格兰律师阶层 + 法律学徒　；参考：《华东师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：自12、13世纪开始,英格兰司法界经历了巨大变革,不仅结束了此前司法体系四分五裂的窘境,更奠定了英格兰普通法的基础。伴随着司法界的巨大变革,以法官和律师为代表的英格兰早期法律职业阶层开始形成,并在此过程中诞生了一个特殊的职业群体,即英格兰的法律学徒。法律学徒自登上历史舞台后,就直承担着传承英格兰法律文化和维护普通法权威的职责,构成了英格兰法律界道独特的风景。本文由绪论、正文和结语三部分组成：绪论主要梳理国内外学者对英格兰律师阶层和法律学徒的研究历史及现状,指出本文研究的着眼点和创新之处。第一章主要阐明13—14世纪时伴随着亨利二世司法改革及三大普通法法庭的诞生,英格兰律师阶层和法律学徒登上历史舞台。诞生之初的法律学徒面临的首要问题是如何接受法律教育,笔者将法律学徒的早期教育模式归纳为法庭加法官模式,即法庭承担了法律课堂的职能,而法官则扮演了法律教师的角色。第二章主要指出14—15世纪时伴随着律师会馆的诞生,英格兰法律学徒教育走向正规化和系统化,也在这个过程中法律学徒实现了第一次身份转变。文章试从律师会馆诞生、日常学习生活和学徒毕业晋升三个方面,讨论法律学徒身份转变的原因及过程。第三章主要分析15—16世纪时为了顺应时代变化,英格兰司法界出现巨大变革,高级律师阶层日趋衰落,社会对于律师的需求量急剧增加,英格兰法律学徒由此实现了第二次身份转变。文章试从职业契机、社会变革和自身发展等多个角度探讨法律学徒向近代出庭律师转变的过程。结语部分指出律师会馆及法律学徒对今天英美法系国家的法律教育和法律体系的影响,以及英格兰法律教育对我国的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Since the 13th century, the judiciary in England has undergone a great transformation, not only to put an end to the dilemmas of the previous judicial system, but also to lay the foundation of the common law in England. With the great changes in the judicial field, the early legal profession class in England, represented by judges and lawyers, began to form, and a special professional group, the legal apprentice of England, was born in the process. The legal apprentice has assumed the duty of inheriting the English legal culture and maintaining the authority of the common law since he stepped onto the historical stage, which constitutes a unique landscape of the English legal profession. The main body and the conclusion are three parts: the introduction mainly combs the history and the present situation of the research of the law class and the legal apprenticeship in England by the scholars at home and abroad. The first chapter mainly expounds that during the 13-14 century, with the birth of Henry II judicial reform and the three common law courts, the English lawyers and law apprentices stepped onto the historical stage. At the beginning of its birth, the primary problem faced by the legal apprentice was how to receive legal education. The author summed up the early education model of the legal apprentice as the court plus judge model, that is, the court assumed the function of law class. The second chapter mainly points out that the law apprenticeship education in England was formalized and systematized with the birth of the Law Guild in the 14-15 century. In this process, the legal apprentice realized the first change of identity. This paper discusses the causes and processes of the transformation of legal apprenticeship status from three aspects: the birth of the Bar Hall, the daily study life and the graduation and promotion of the apprentice. Chapter three mainly analyzes the reasons and processes of the legal apprenticeship in order to adapt to the changes of the times in the 15-16 century. Great changes appeared in the judicial circles in England, the class of senior lawyers declined day by day, and the demand for lawyers in the society increased rapidly, thus the English legal apprentices realized the second status change. The article tries to look at career opportunities, In conclusion, the author points out the influence of the Law Guild and the Law Apprentice on the legal education and legal system in the countries of Anglo-American legal system. And England law education to our country's reference function.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.3

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