波兰和平演变中的加速器—里根政府的角色

发布时间：2018-06-09 21:47

本文选题：波兰 + 里根政府　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在东欧剧变中,波兰是第一个实现政治体制转变的国家,在东欧造成了多米诺效应。波兰和平演变之后,华沙条约组织国家如民主德国、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利、保加利亚等也随之结束了共产党的领导,最后苏联解体,结束了接近半个世纪的美苏冷战。有学者认为,波兰的和平演变完全是由美国的政策特别是里根政府的强硬政策引起的,甚至称没有里根政府的政策和行动就不会有波兰的演变。另外有人则忽略里根政府政策的作用,认为原因在于苏联自顾不暇,对波兰放松了控制,戈尔巴乔夫作为改革派,也给予了波兰统一工人党领导人很大的自主权。然而,经过大量阅读和分析之后,本文认为这两种观点都是片面的,里根政府的政策实际上加速了波兰的和平演变。在波兰军管之前,里根政府为保护波兰已取得的民主成果并确保波兰国内的和平,一方面提供经济援助以奖励波兰政府对自由化趋势的允许,另一方面不断警告苏联采取军事干预措施会造成严重后果。波兰军管之后,里根政府采取了双轨政策。通过经济手段为杠杆对波兰政府施压以换取政治妥协,同时实施隐蔽行动战略,为反对派团结工会提供大量的资金和物资支持。
[Abstract]:Poland was the first country to change its political system during the upheaval in Eastern Europe, creating a domino effect. After the peaceful evolution of Poland, the Warsaw Treaty Organization countries such as the Democratic Republic of Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria also ended the leadership of the Communist Party. Finally, the Soviet Union disintegrated and ended the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union for nearly half a century. Some scholars believe that the evolution of peace in Poland is entirely caused by the policies of the United States, especially the tough policies of the Reagan administration, and even claims that there would be no evolution of Poland without the policies and actions of the Reagan administration. Others ignored the role of the Reagan administration, arguing that the Soviet Union had loosened its grip on Poland and that Gorbachev, as a reformist, had given the leader of the United Workers' Party of Poland a great deal of autonomy. However, after a lot of reading and analysis, this paper argues that both views are one-sided, and Reagan administration's policy actually accelerates the peaceful evolution of Poland. Prior to the Polish military administration, the Reagan administration, in an effort to protect Poland's democratic gains and ensure peace in Poland, provided economic assistance to reward the Polish government for allowing the liberalization trend. On the other hand, the Soviet Union repeatedly warned that military intervention would have serious consequences. After the Polish military administration, the Reagan administration adopted a two-track policy. Using economic leverage to pressure the Polish government in return for political compromises, and implementing a covert strategy of action, it has provided substantial financial and material support to the opposition Solidarity Union.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K153

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