古代希腊人在黑海地区的殖民

发布时间：2018-06-09 22:19

本文选题：古代希腊人 + 黑海地区　；参考：《华中师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 黑海地区的殖民活动是古代希腊殖民活动的重要组成部分。本文将通过对这一地区殖民活动的个案分析，揭示希腊殖民运动的共同特征。公元前7世纪后期，小亚细亚的希腊城邦米利都与吕底亚王国发生利益冲突，战争引发了包括土地危机在内的种种社会问题。为转移城邦内部矛盾的焦点，米利都开始前往黑海地区进行殖民，由此拉开了希腊城邦在这一地区殖民的序幕。公元前560年之后，希腊本土城邦麦加拉和小亚细亚的提奥斯也加入到黑海地区殖民的行列，但从二者所建殖民地的数量和规模来看，均远远不及米利都。黑海地区建立的希腊殖民地发展很不平衡。有的殖民地在建立初期仅为用于贸易的商栈或者不具备政治功能的中心城市，只是随着经济实力的进一步加强，人口的增多才逐步发展为城邦。与此相反，有的在建立初期就已经是城邦的殖民地，由于经营不善，反而丧失了政治地位，沦为商栈。殖民地建立后，在土地分配方面，基本上是平均分配耕地和住房用地；在城市规划方面，同希腊本土颇为相似；在社会政治制度方面，殖民地同母邦一样，普遍采用了贵族政治和寡头政治，，个别城邦间或实行了民主政治，但非常短暂。不仅如此，在宗教崇拜、历法、语言文字等各个方面，殖民地与母邦都基本保持一致。子邦与母邦的关系亲密与否，视二者之间的距离远近、母邦的野心以及各自的利益关系而定。总体来看，子邦与母邦之间具有一种不可分割的联系，子邦在很多方面承袭了母邦的制度。殖民地与原住民之间的关系则呈现出多样性。有的殖民地和原住民保持着友好关系；有的殖民地，原住民沦为耕奴；有的殖民地原住民势力强大，反而控制了这一地区。虽然在政治方面，二者之间的关系复杂，但在文化方面，两者互相影响，黑海地区形成了“希腊文化”与“蛮族文化”相结合的文化共同体。黑海地区的殖民活动历时长久，内容丰富，既揭示了希腊殖民活动的共性，又为我们提供了进一步深化该领域研究成果的宝贵启示。
[Abstract]:The colonial activities in the Black Sea region were an important part of the ancient Greek colonial activities. This paper will reveal the common characteristics of the Greek colonial movement through the case study of the colonial activities in this region. In the late 7th century BC, the Greek city-state of Asia minor, Milido, had a conflict of interest with the Kingdom of Lydia. The war caused a variety of social problems, including the land crisis. In order to shift the focus of the city-state 's internal contradiction, Milido began to colonize the Black Sea region, which opened the prelude of the Greek city-state 's colonization in this region. After 560 BC, the native Greek city-states Mcgarrah and Titus of Asia minor joined the Black Sea region in colonization, but in terms of the number and size of the colonies they built, The Greek colonies established in the Black Sea region developed unevenly. In the early days of some colonies, they were only used for trade or as a central city with no political function, but with the further strengthening of economic strength, the population increased gradually and developed into a city-state. On the contrary, some of them had been city-state colonies at the beginning of their establishment, but lost their political status because of poor management. After the establishment of the colony, the land distribution was basically equal to the distribution of cultivated land and housing land. In urban planning, it is quite similar to the native Greek; in the socio-political system, the colonies, like their mother states, generally adopt aristocratic and oligarchic politics, and individual city-states practise democracy among themselves, but for a very short time. Not only that, in religious worship, calendar, language and other aspects of the colonial and mother are basically the same. The relationship between son and mother depends on the distance between them, their ambitions and their respective interests. In general, there is an inseparable relationship between the sub-states and the mother states, and the sub-states inherit the system of the mother state in many ways, while the relations between the colonies and the aborigines show diversity. Some of the colonies maintained friendly relations with the aborigines; some of the colonies were reduced to farming slaves; some of the colonial aborigines were powerful and controlled the area. Although the relationship between the two is complex in political terms, in terms of culture, the two influence each other, and the Black Sea region forms a cultural community that combines "Greek culture" with "barbarian culture." the colonization of the Black Sea region lasted a long time. The rich contents not only reveal the commonness of the Greek colonial activities, but also provide us with valuable inspiration to further deepen the research results in this field.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K125

【引证文献】