二战后中日教育策略及其比较（1945-2008）

发布时间：2018-06-11 19:38

本文选题：日本 + 中国　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：日本是一个非常重视教育的国家,自古就形成了很多优良的教育传统。日本也是东亚最早完成现代化的国家,教育发挥了重要的作用。在第二次世界大战结束后,日本将教育视为改变社会,恢复国力的重要手段。日本政府和人民对教育给予了高度的重视,始终把教育放在国家发展的优先地位,以教育促进经济和社会的发展,并且卓有成效,造就了“日本奇迹”,得到世界的广泛关注。日本教育在现代化方面有着丰富的经验和成果,当然也存在着一些问题和教训,值得作为发展中国家的中国进行学习和借鉴。中国的教育事业有着悠久的历史。在新中国建立后,政府也在大力发展教育,并且引进前苏联的教育经验,曾经取得过良好的成绩。但是由于过分模仿前苏联的教育模式,“文化大革命”期间教育受到的灾难性影响,以及政治因素对中国教育的负面效应,中国教育在当代社会中出现了诸多问题。进入改革开放时代后,中国教育又面临着与国际教育接轨的新问题。这些问题光靠政府的努力是难以解决的,需要整个社会的关注。本文对中日两国在第二次世界大战后的教育策略进行分段比较:第一阶段,1945年—1955年;第二阶段,1956年—1977年;第三阶段,1978年—1999年;第四阶段,2000年—2008年。本文从历史学角度出发来研究教育问题,而非立足于教育学。由于研究的时间范围较大,本文着重研究宏观的教育策略,而非教育政策。最后,本文通过分阶段比较从宏观上总结中日两国教育策略的动向和特点,分析当前中国教育面临的问题,并且提出自己的观点和解决方案。
[Abstract]:Japan is a country that attaches great importance to education and has formed many fine educational traditions since ancient times. Japan is also the earliest country in East Asia to complete modernization, education has played an important role. After the end of World War II, Japan regarded education as an important means of changing society and restoring national strength. The Japanese government and people attach great importance to education, always put education in the priority of national development, promote economic and social development with education, and achieve success, which has created the "Japanese miracle", and has been widely concerned by the world. Japan's education has rich experience and achievements in modernization, of course, there are some problems and lessons, which is worth learning and learning from China as a developing country. China's education has a long history. After the founding of New China, the government also vigorously developed education, and introduced the former Soviet Union's educational experience, has made good achievements. However, due to the excessive imitation of the former Soviet Union's educational model, the disastrous influence on education during the "Cultural Revolution" and the negative effects of political factors on Chinese education, there are many problems in Chinese education in the contemporary society. After entering the era of reform and opening up, Chinese education is faced with new problems in line with international education. These problems cannot be solved by the government's efforts alone and need the attention of the whole society. This paper compares the educational strategies of China and Japan after the second World War: the first stage, 1945-1955, the second stage, 1956-1977; Phase III, 1978-1999; Phase IV, 2000-2008. This paper studies education from the perspective of history rather than pedagogy. Due to the large time range of the research, this paper focuses on the macro education strategy, not the education policy. Finally, this paper summarizes the trends and characteristics of Chinese and Japanese education strategies from a macroscopic perspective, analyzes the current problems in China's education, and puts forward its own views and solutions.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K153

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