试析美国历史教科书中盎格鲁撒克逊主义的确立

发布时间：2018-06-12 07:18

本文选题：美国 + 历史教科书　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国历史与建国历程的特殊性促使殖民地时期已经存在的盎格鲁撒克逊传统观念沉寂下来。建国初期，历史教育的目标是致力于文化的独立发展，从事教科书撰写的业余史家主要强调独立战争的英雄及其美德，对原来宗主国英国大多侧重了残暴与专制的叙述。至19世纪末20世纪初，国际与国内新形势的促使下，美国上层社会出现了追溯盎格鲁撒克逊主义的呼声，进而，，在专业史家兴起并逐步取代业余史家治史的过程中，历史教科书在内容上有了较大的变化，不仅展现了英雄人物或历史事件不光采的一面，而且出现了明显的“亲英”倾向，由此，盎格鲁撒克逊主义得以重新复苏。这些变化引发了社会各界激烈且持续的争论，至20世纪20年代在政治力量的加入下发生了著名的教科书“叛国”案。但是，在当时特殊的政治、经济、文化等因素的共同作用下，在新移民问题的激发下，专业史家的“亲英”版本教科书在争论中不断得到公众的认可与推行，其所宣扬的盎格鲁撒克逊主义也成为时代主流。正文包括五部分：第一部分回顾盎格鲁撒克逊主义在北美殖民地的起源与沉寂；第二部分指出建国初期美国国家特性被界定为英雄美德式的例外主义，由之，历史教科书侧重独立战争中的英雄及其美德，将英国描绘为残暴与专制的敌人形象；第三部分分析19、20世纪之交的国内、国际新形势刺激下，专业史家“亲英”版本教科书出现，促使盎格鲁撒克逊主义得以复苏；第四部分阐述专业史家“亲英”版本教科书引发的争论，特别分析20世纪20年代著名的历史教科书“叛国”案；第五部分指出在新移民浪潮的刺激下，在本土化运动和美国化运动的过程中，“亲英”版本历史教科书被广泛接受，盎格鲁撒克逊主义作为主流意识形态得以确立，强化了美国在种族方面的国家特性。总之，美国的历史教科书是一个特殊且复杂纷繁的范畴，不仅仅是单纯的文化产品，更是政治、经济和文化的复合品，是社会时代动态的一个缩影。其中，盎格鲁撒克逊主义的确立过程就反映了不同时期、不同群体的文化认知和文化斗争，进而从一个新的角度呈现了美国的社会变迁。
[Abstract]:The particularity of American history and the founding of the country made the Anglo-Saxon tradition that existed during the colonial period subside. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the goal of history education was to devote himself to the independent development of culture. Amateur historians engaged in textbook writing mainly emphasized the heroes and virtues of the War of Independence, and most of the narratives of the former sovereign country, England, focused on cruelty and despotism. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the call of Anglo-Saxon doctrine appeared in the upper class of the United States under the new international and domestic situation, and then, in the process of professional historians rising and gradually replacing amateur historians in the process of studying history. The content of history textbooks has changed greatly, not only showing the unglamorous side of heroes or historical events, but also showing an obvious "pro-British" tendency, thus, Anglo-Saxon doctrine can recover again. These changes led to fierce and continuous debates in all walks of life, until the famous textbook "treason" case took place in the 1920s with the participation of political forces. However, under the influence of special political, economic and cultural factors at that time, and inspired by the issue of new immigrants, professional historians'"pro-English" version textbooks were constantly recognized and implemented by the public during the debate. The Anglo-Saxon doctrine advocated by it has also become the mainstream of the times. The text includes five parts: the first part reviews the origin and silence of Anglo-Saxon doctrine in the North American colonies; The second part points out that the national identity of the United States was defined as the exceptionalism of heroic virtue in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Therefore, history textbooks focus on the heroes and their virtues in the War of Independence, and portray Britain as an enemy of cruelty and despotism. The third part analyzes the domestic at the turn of the 20th century, under the new international situation, professional historians "pro-English" version of the textbook appeared, promoting the recovery of Anglo-Saxon doctrine; The fourth part expounds the controversy caused by the "pro-English" version of professional historians, especially the case of "treason" in the famous history textbook of the 1920s. The fifth part points out that under the stimulation of the new immigrant wave, In the process of localization and Americanization, the "pro-English" version of history textbooks was widely accepted, and Anglo-Saxon ideology was established as the mainstream ideology, which strengthened the national identity of the United States in terms of race. American history textbook is a special and complicated category. It is not only a simple cultural product, but also a political, economic and cultural compound. It is a microcosm of the social times. Among them, the establishment process of Anglo-Saxon doctrine reflects the cultural cognition and cultural struggle of different groups in different periods, and then presents the social changes of the United States from a new angle.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712

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