古希腊人的智慧观初探

发布时间：2018-06-12 13:29

本文选题：古希腊人 + 智慧观　；参考：《河北师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：智慧观是古希腊人价值观的重要组成部分。它是希腊人对智慧的认识和评价,同时又是古代希腊城邦四大美德的重要组成部分。本论文旨在通过对不同历史时期希腊人的智慧观进行基本的探讨和研究,展现出智慧观在希腊不同历史时期的发展脉络和特征。全文除引言和结语外共分为五个部分。引言部分论述了本论文的研究意义、国内外学界的研究成果以及研究方法。第一部分论述了古希腊人智慧观的渊源。笔者首先考察了“智慧”一词在古希腊的定义。希腊人对智慧定义在不同的历史时期,不同阶层有着不同的解释。接着论述了希腊神话中的智慧观,探讨了以墨提斯、雅典娜、阿波罗为代表的三位智慧之神的智慧观特征。最后,分析了智慧与哲学的关系、希腊哲学产生的条件以及希腊哲学家爱智慧、崇尚思辨的本质特征。第二部分探讨了荷马时代的智慧观。荷马时代,希腊社会形成了以勇敢为中心、崇尚荣誉,体现贵族价值取向的道德规范体系。此时希腊人的智慧观主要表现为勇敢美德、崇尚荣誉等社会价值特征。由于荷马史诗是对生活的直观反映,它所提倡的智慧只是生活智慧、直观智慧、社会实践智慧。第三部分研究了古风时代希腊人的智慧观。笔者首先论述了古风时代希腊城邦的兴起与殖民运动。城邦的兴起促使希腊理性思想在伊奥尼亚的米利都兴起。科学和哲学产生后,希腊人追求智慧的方式开始由直观的现实经验智慧向科学和哲学思维式的智慧转变。在世俗生活中,希腊人的智慧观与城邦政治体制发展密切结合起来。第四部分论述了古典时代希腊人的智慧观。经过苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德等哲学家创造性的构建,智慧观已形成完整的哲学理论体系。古典时代,尤其是雅典城邦的民主政治、经济、文化高度发达,展现了古希腊人的实践智慧才华。以智慧观为重要组成部分的四大美德构成古希腊人的一个比较完整的伦理体系,笔者分析了智慧与勇敢、节制、正义之间的相互关系。第五部分简要地论述了希腊化时代希腊人的智慧观。希腊化时代,社会发生巨大变迁,希腊人的智慧观发生了转型。此时希腊人的智慧观转为过分强调个体的、精神的、德性的智慧。为了具体探讨希腊化时期的智慧观,笔者简要论述了伊壁鸠鲁学派和斯多噶学派伦理思想。结语部分阐述了研究古希腊人的智慧观涉及到的学科内容,介绍本论文研究的角度。笔者描述了智慧观在整个古希腊历史时期的发展特征和基本脉络。古希腊人的智慧观始终与古希腊民族文化特征结合起来。古希腊人智慧观的基本特征就是人文主义和理性主义。
[Abstract]:Wisdom is an important part of ancient Greek values. It is the Greek understanding and evaluation of wisdom, but also an important part of the ancient Greek city-state four virtues. The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the wisdom view of Greeks in different historical periods, and to show the development and characteristics of the wisdom view in different historical periods of Greece. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into five parts. The introduction part discusses the significance of this paper, the research results and research methods of domestic and foreign academic circles. The first part discusses the origin of ancient Greek wisdom. The author first examines the definition of "wisdom" in ancient Greece. The Greek definition of wisdom in different historical periods, different classes have different interpretations. Then it discusses the wisdom view in Greek mythology and discusses the characteristics of the wisdom view of the three wise gods represented by Metis Athena and Apollo. Finally, it analyzes the relationship between wisdom and philosophy, the conditions under which Greek philosophy comes into being, and the essential characteristics of Greek philosophers who love wisdom and advocate speculation. The second part discusses the wisdom of Homer era. In Homer's time, the Greek society formed a moral system centered on bravery, advocating honor and embodying aristocratic value orientation. At this time, the wisdom of the Greeks mainly manifested as brave virtue, advocating honor and other social value characteristics. Because Homer epic is an intuitive reflection of life, the wisdom it advocates is only life wisdom, intuitive wisdom and social practical wisdom. The third part studies the wisdom of the Greeks in ancient times. The author first discusses the rise of Greek city-states and colonial movement in ancient times. The rise of the city-state led to the rise of Greek rational thought in Miletus of Ionian. After the emergence of science and philosophy, the Greek way of pursuing wisdom began to change from intuitionistic practical experience wisdom to scientific and philosophical wisdom. In secular life, Greek wisdom and the development of polis political system are closely combined. The fourth part discusses the wisdom of the Greeks in classical times. Through the creative construction of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and other philosophers, the concept of wisdom has formed a complete philosophical theory system. The democracy, economy and culture of the ancient times, especially the Athens city-state, were highly developed, showing the practical wisdom of the ancient Greeks. The four virtues with wisdom as an important part constitute a relatively complete ethical system of the ancient Greeks. The author analyzes the relationship between wisdom and bravery, moderation and justice. The fifth part briefly discusses the Greek wisdom in the Hellenistic era. In the Hellenistic era, great changes took place in the society, and the wisdom of the Greeks changed. The Greek view of wisdom shifted to an emphasis on individual, spiritual, and virtuous wisdom. In order to discuss the wisdom of Hellenism, the author briefly discusses the ethics of Epicurus School and Stoga School. The conclusion part expounds the subject content of studying the ancient Greek wisdom view, and introduces the angle of this thesis. The author describes the development characteristics and basic context of wisdom in the whole period of ancient Greece. The wisdom of the ancient Greeks was always combined with the cultural characteristics of the ancient Greeks. The basic characteristics of ancient Greek wisdom are humanism and rationalism.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K125

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