尼克松时期限制战略武器谈判研究（1969-1972）

发布时间：2018-06-13 17:03

本文选题：限制战略武器谈判 + 莫斯科会议　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：核武器的出现不仅改变了美国国家战略,也改变了冷战进程。核武器使美国拥有战略优势,同时也增加了苏联的不安全感。双方的核军备竞赛愈演愈烈。为了防止核战争的爆发,从艾森豪威尔政府开始,历届政府都考虑对核武器加以限制。在尼克松总统任期内,美苏通过限制战略武器谈判,达成了反弹道导弹条约和限制战略进攻性武器的协定。本文通过研究尼克松政府时期的美苏限制战略武器谈判,对谈判过程和结果进行分析,揭示了限制战略武器会谈与缓和的关系。第一章首先回顾了尼克松政府以前美国几任总统的核军备政策的特点,描述了美国的核军备政策的发展过程。随着苏联核武器的发展,美国丧失了核武器的优势地位,同时美国逐渐加强了对核武器的限制。第二章主要探讨美国对于限制战略武器谈判的准备工作和赫尔辛基的第一轮谈判。第三章叙述了谈判双方由于利益冲突使得会谈陷入了僵局。在国际国内因素的共同作用下,双方逐渐取得共识,并最终达成协议。结语部分总结了限制战略武器会谈的历史意义,指出会谈推动了美国和苏联缓和的发展。
[Abstract]:The emergence of nuclear weapons not only changed the national strategy of the United States, but also the Cold War process. Nuclear weapons give the United States a strategic advantage and increase the Soviet Union's sense of insecurity. The nuclear arms race between the two sides has intensified. In order to prevent the outbreak of nuclear war, since the Eisenhower administration, successive governments have considered nuclear weapons restrictions. During President Nixon's term, the United States and the Soviet Union reached an agreement on an anti-ballistic missile treaty and a strategic offensive arms limitation treaty through strategic arms limitation negotiations. This paper analyzes the negotiation process and results of the U.S.-Soviet strategic arms limitation negotiations during the Nixon administration, and reveals the relationship between the strategic arms limitation talks and the detente. The first chapter reviews the characteristics of the nuclear arms policy of the Nixon administration and describes the development process of the American nuclear arms policy. With the development of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union, the United States lost its superiority in nuclear weapons and gradually strengthened its restrictions on nuclear weapons. The second chapter mainly discusses the preparation of the Strategic Arms limitation negotiations and the first round of Helsinki negotiations. Chapter three describes the deadlock of the talks due to the conflict of interest between the two sides. Under the joint action of international and domestic factors, the two sides gradually reached a consensus and finally reached an agreement. The conclusion summarizes the historical significance of Strategic Arms limitation talks and points out that the talks promoted the development of relaxation between the United States and the Soviet Union.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：E712;K712

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