勃列日涅夫时期苏联的能源政策

发布时间：2018-06-13 17:18

本文选题：勃列日涅夫 + 苏联　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文着重研究勃列日涅夫时期,苏联在能源领域的发展与决策以及由此对苏联之后政治经济领域发展产生的影响。勃列日涅夫时期是苏联历史上的一个重要时期。在其长达18年的执政时期中(1964-1982)苏联的综合国力达到顶峰,经济实力跃居世界第二位,仅次于美国；军事实力足以与美国平起平坐,人民的物质和文化水平较其他时期都有明显的提高。但是,另一方面相较其取得的成就而言,这一时期苏联高度集中的政治、经济体制进一步加强,已经成为束缚社会生产力和整个国家进一步发展的沉重桎梏。虽然苏联领导人已经或多或少的认识到了一些苏联体制存在的问题,却未能坚持进行切实有效地改革。苏联国力也是从这一时期由辉煌开始跌落,各个方面都出现了深刻的危机。研究勃列日涅夫时期的能源政策,特别是剖析这一时期苏联能源得到空前发展的情况下,苏联经济发展存在的各种问题,对于揭示后来苏联国力由盛转衰的原因,苏联剧变发生的原因和教训都有十分重要的意义。针对一些学者认为苏联经济的最终衰落是因为苏联这一时期对”石油美元”过分依赖的这一观点,本文将从客观的角度出发,论证苏联经济的繁荣一时以及其衰落的根本原因是因为苏联对军事工业的片面发展。在这种片面发展的指导方针下,经济结构的畸形发展最终导致苏联国内的危机四伏,对能源的依赖则是这种畸形体制下的特殊表现。本文主要从以下五个部分进行论述：第一部分介绍勃列日涅夫时期的经济背景。主要论述勃列日涅夫新经济改革的背景、发展阶段、结果以及新经济改革中的能源工业。新经济改革与苏联能源的特殊表现有着紧密的关系,作为背景知识对其内容的介绍与分析有利于后面论述的进行。第二部分是对勃列日涅夫时期国内能源政策的分析。苏联能源在这一时期的快速发展是客观的历史事实,无论是从整体产量还是工业的发展都达到了前所未有的高度。但是伴随着这种发展而来的问题与弊端是苏联能源发展最终走向僵局的主要原因。第三部分主要分析能源的对外表现。苏联能源作为其对外战略重要的筹码,在苏联对外政策中发挥着重要作用。对东欧来说,苏联能源是推动他们经济发展的直接动力；对西方国家而言,苏联能源则是把双刃剑,可用之亦可受其害。第四部分从东西方经济关系方面对苏联能源发展进行分析。在东西方经济关系中,美国一直是持控制权的一方,而苏联能源发展则是美国不得不时刻防备的重要对象。因为能源领域的诸多变数是政治、经济、外交、军事等多个领域的共同作用,苏联的能源发展尤其如此。第五部分是对苏联能源发展问题的总结与思考。勃列日涅夫时期苏联能源产量的增加、新能源基地的建立、出口的扩大都是能源发展的主要表现。但是这些表现对经济恶化的帮助是有限的。与其说是苏联经济结构局限了能源的发展,倒不如说在这一时期苏联能源缺乏独立发展的空间,依附在僵化的政治经济体制下成为其不断索取的对象。
[Abstract]:This article focuses on the development and decision-making of the Soviet Union in the energy field during the Brezhnev era and its influence on the development of the political and economic fields after the Soviet Union.
The period of Brezhnev was an important period in the history of the Soviet Union. During the period of 18 years in power (1964-1982) the comprehensive national strength of the Soviet Union reached its peak, and the economic strength leaped in the second place in the world, second only to the United States; the military strength was enough to sit down with the United States, and the quality and cultural level of the people were obviously improved. On the other hand, on the other hand, the high concentration of the Soviet Union's political and economic system in this period has become a heavy shackle for the social productivity and the further development of the country. Although the Soviet leaders have more or less recognized the problems existing in the Soviet system, they have not been hard to be determined. In this period, the Soviet national strength also fell from the glory of the Soviet Union. The energy policy of the Brezhnev period was studied. In particular, in the case of the unprecedented development of the Soviet energy in this period, the various problems existing in the development of the Soviet Union were revealed later. The reasons for the decline of the Soviet national strength, the reasons and lessons of the Soviet Union's upheaval are of great significance. Some scholars believe that the final decline of the Soviet economy is due to the view that the Soviet Union is too dependent on the "oil dollar" during this period. This article will demonstrate the prosperity of the Soviet economy from an objective angle. The fundamental reason for its decline was the one-sided development of the Soviet Union's military industry. Under the guidance of this one-sided development, the deformity of the economic structure eventually led to the crisis in the Soviet Union, and the dependence on energy is a special manifestation of this deformity system.
This article is mainly discussed from the following five parts:
The first part introduces the economic background of the Brezhnev period. It mainly discusses the background of Brezhnev's new economic reform, the stage of development, the result and the energy industry in the new economic reform. The new economic reform is closely related to the special performance of the energy of the Soviet Union. As a background knowledge, the introduction and analysis of its content will be beneficial to the later theory. The statement is carried out.
The second part is the analysis of the domestic energy policy in the period of Brezhnev. The rapid development of the Soviet energy in this period is an objective historical fact, which has reached an unprecedented height in both the overall production and the industrial development. However, the problems and disadvantages accompanied by this development are the ultimate trend of the energy development of the Soviet Union. The main reason for the impasse.
The third part mainly analyzes the external performance of energy. As an important chip of its foreign strategy, the Soviet energy plays an important role in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. For Eastern Europe, the Soviet energy is the direct driving force for their economic development; for the western countries, the Soviet energy is a double-edged sword, and it can also be harmed.
The fourth part analyses the energy development of the Soviet Union from the eastern and western economic relations. In the eastern and western economic relations, the United States has always been a party of control, while the development of the Soviet Union is an important object that the United States has to guard against. This is especially true of the energy development of the Soviet Union.
The fifth part is the summary and thinking about the energy development of the Soviet Union. The increase of the energy output of the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev period, the establishment of the new energy base and the expansion of the export are the main manifestations of the energy development. However, these performances are limited to the help of the economic deterioration. It is better to say that during this period, the Soviet Union's energy was lacking in independent development space and attached to the rigid political and economic system.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K512.56

【参考文献】