美国对巴拿马运河政策研究（1969～1976）

发布时间：2018-06-14 23:35

本文选题：美国 + 尼克松　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：尼克松时期是战后美国外交的政策的重要转折时期,尼克松上台后对美国外交战略做了重大调整,推行“缓和”战略。但这并没有改变其遏制政策的实质,而只是在手段上有所变化而已,因此这一时期的美国外交政策与前一时期在本质上仍是一脉相承的。在巴拿马运河问题上,尼克松在其第一任期内坚持绝对控制运河的政策,并因此导致了美巴运河谈判的中断;到其第二任期内,由于种种因素的影响,尼克松对美国的巴拿马运河政策进行了调整,在美巴共同的努力下,两国签署了巴拿马运河谈判8项基本原则,为最终解决运河问题奠定了原则性基础。随后双方很快便在巴拿马参与运河管理、运河防御和运河区管辖权问题上达成原则性协议;然而,由于美巴在运河问题上的立场不同、美国政府内部各部门在运河问题上的意见不一和美国总统大选的影响,导致了美巴谈判进展缓慢。尽管如此,美巴还是通过长期的交流与沟通,了解了彼此在许多重要问题上的立场,并且在解决土地和海域利用问题的方法上达成了共识;更为重要的是,在谈判过程中双方在运河问题上逐步建立起了基本互信,尤其在美国大选后的谈判中,美巴除了在一些具体问题上达成部分原则性的共识外,他们所表现出的积极合作态还为美巴的继续谈判提供了一种可信的发展动力。这些都为卡特上台后较快解决运河问题奠定了重要基础。尼克松—福特时期美国的巴拿马运河政策是美国出于自身实力和世界形势变化而做出的一种策略性调整,它并未改变美国想要永久控制运河的目的;其实质是试图通过将运河区“归还”给巴拿马的同时,保证美国对运河的继续利用及对运河事务的介入和干预权,是以放弃对运河外在形式上的控制来换取对运河实质上的永久控制。
[Abstract]:Nixon period was an important turning point of American foreign policy after the war. After Nixon came to power, he made great adjustments to American diplomatic strategy and carried out "detente" strategy. But this does not change the essence of its containment policy, but only changes in the means, so this period of American foreign policy is still essentially the same as the previous period. On the Panama Canal issue, Nixon insisted on the policy of absolute control of the canal during his first term, which led to the suspension of negotiations on the canal between the United States and Pakistan; and during his second term, due to various factors, Nixon adjusted the policy of the Panama Canal of the United States. With the joint efforts of the United States and Pakistan, the two countries signed the eight basic principles of the Panama Canal negotiation, which laid a principled foundation for the final settlement of the canal issue. Soon afterwards, the two sides reached agreement in principle on Panama's participation in the administration of the Canal, the Canal Defence and the jurisdiction of the Canal Zone; however, owing to the different positions of the United States and Pakistan on the Canal, Disagreements within the administration over the canal and the impact of the U.S. presidential election have led to slow progress in negotiations between the United States and Pakistan. Nevertheless, through long-term exchanges and communication, the United States and Pakistan have understood each other's positions on a number of important issues, and have reached consensus on ways to solve the problems of land and sea use; more importantly, In the course of the negotiations, the two sides gradually established basic mutual trust on the canal issue. Especially in the post-election negotiations in the United States, the United States and Pakistan, in addition to reaching some principled consensus on some specific issues, Their positive cooperation also provides a credible impetus for continued negotiations between the US and Pakistan. All these have laid an important foundation for Carter to solve the canal problem quickly after he came to power. The Panama Canal policy of the United States during the Nixon Ford period was a strategic adjustment made by the United States because of its own strength and the changes in the world situation. It did not change the purpose of the United States to control the canal permanently; Its essence is to try to ensure the continued use of the canal and the right to intervene and intervene in its affairs by "returning" the Canal area to Panama, It was to give up external formal control of the canal in exchange for permanent control of the canal.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K712.54

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