英格兰农民身份分析（13—16世纪）

发布时间：2018-06-16 11:28

本文选题：13-16世纪 + 英格兰　；参考：《天津师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 农民身份是中世纪农民问题研究中的一个重点，同时也是一个难点。由于身份的不同，，农民的称谓、权利及义务有巨大的差别；他们的经济及法律地位也不平等。划分农民身份的标准随着社会经济、阶级结构的变迁做出了相应的调整。 13—14世纪，法学家以罗马法为依据把农民简单地划分为自由农和维兰。13世纪是维兰时代兴盛时期，所以维兰占农民中的大部分；但至15—16世纪，由于客观经济条件的不断发展和农民自身的努力，农奴制基本解体，农民身份发生了质的飞跃，绝大多数农民获得了自由。此时农民的社会身份逐渐淡化，而经济地位日益重要。这种变化更能反映出农民的经济地位和社会地位趋于一致。中世纪晚期以农民对土地的不同占有权把农民分为三种类型：公簿持有农、契约租地农、及自由持有农。本文由四章构成。第一章研究综述与导论，主要介绍国内外学者对英国农民身份问题研究概况。第二章主要分析了中世纪(13—16世纪)英格兰农民称谓的演变及农民身份的含义。第三章分析了13—14世纪农民的不同身份及阶层划分。第四章论述了15—16世纪的农民阶层，重点分析了公簿持有农的来源、分类及法律地位。
[Abstract]:Peasant identity is an important and difficult point in the study of peasant problem in the Middle Ages. Due to the difference of identity, the appellations, rights and obligations of peasants are very different, and their economic and legal status are not equal. The criteria for defining the identity of peasants have been adjusted accordingly with the changes in social economy and class structure. On the basis of Roman law, jurists simply divided peasants into free agriculture and the 13th century as the flourishing period of the Veran era, so Veran accounted for the majority of the peasants; but by the 15th and 16th centuries, Due to the continuous development of objective economic conditions and the efforts of farmers themselves, serfdom has basically disintegrated, the identity of farmers has undergone a qualitative leap, and the vast majority of farmers have gained freedom. At this time, the social identity of farmers gradually desalinated, and economic status is becoming increasingly important. This kind of change can reflect farmer's economic status and social status tend to converge more. In the late Middle Ages, farmers were divided into three types according to their different possession of land: public book farmers, contract farmers, and free farmers. This paper consists of four chapters. The first chapter is a summary and introduction of the research on the identity of British farmers. The second chapter mainly analyzes the evolution of English peasant appellations and the meaning of peasant identity in the 13-16 th century. The third chapter analyzes the 13-14 th century farmer's different identity and stratum division. Chapter four discusses the peasant stratum in the 15-16 th century, and analyzes the origin, classification and legal status of the public-owned farmers.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.3

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