1916—1919年英国拒服兵役者问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 13:27

本文选题：第一次世界大战 + 英国　；参考：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：1916年,英国政府为了解决日益紧张的兵源问题,放弃了传统的志愿兵制,实施强制义务征兵。阿斯奎斯政府为了能使征兵法案在议会快速而顺利地通过,把免除拒服兵役者兵役义务的“良知条款”写入《兵役法案》。自《兵役法案》实施伊始,英国政府和军方就围绕如何授予豁免证明,如何安置拒服兵役者等问题采取了一系列措施。然而,由于政府部门缺乏必要的调研准备,拒服兵役者拒绝合作,整个社会对拒服兵役者怀有普遍敌意等原因,在整个战争期间围绕拒服兵役者的问题始终没有得到妥善的解决。在此期间,政府、民众和拒服兵役者三方均承受了这一问题带来的伤害。然而,从长远来看,第一次世界大战时英国的拒服兵役者问题促进了两次世界大战期间英国和平运动的发展,为第二次世界大战时英国政府更好地解决该问题提供经验,也为世界各国政府解决此类问题引为鉴戒。
[Abstract]:In 1916, the British government abandoned the traditional volunteer system and imposed compulsory conscription in order to solve the increasingly tense problem. In order for the draft bill to be passed quickly and smoothly in Parliament, the Asquis government included in the military Service Act a "clause of conscience" exempting objectors from the obligation to serve in military service. Since the implementation of the military Service Act, the British Government and the military have taken a series of measures on how to grant exemption certificates and how to place objectors. However, due to the lack of necessary research preparation by the government departments, the refusal of the objectors to cooperate, and the general hostility of the whole society towards the objectors, The issue of objectors throughout the war was never properly resolved. In the meantime, the government, the public and the objectors have all suffered from the problem. In the long run, however, the question of British objectors during the first World War contributed to the development of the British peace movement during the two world wars and provided experience for the British Government to better address the problem during the second World War, It also serves as an example for governments around the world to solve such problems.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561

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