一战前的法语联盟与第三共和国

发布时间：2018-06-17 07:41

本文选题：法盟 + 法语　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：1883年成立的法语联盟，其主旨在于“在殖民地和国外传播法语”。它的成立与发展同第三共和国特定的历史人文条件密切相关。经历了1870年普法战争的失败，第三共和国成立，新上台的共和党人士急需振奋民心，恢复法国的大国地位。他们一方面通过殖民扩张建立法国的殖民帝国，另一方面鼓励各种团体传播法国文化。新上台的共和党人，如冈贝塔（Gambetta）和费利（Ferry）鼓吹法国是高度文明的国家，有责任帮助落后民族进化。他们希望通过文化渗入，同化殖民地人民，缓解双方对立的情形。而在法国国内，地理协会和商业地理协会遍地开花，它们主张将地理发展成为一项服务于法国对外扩张的学科。1881年，德国地理学会成立了“德语教学协会”，致力于维护和推广德语的使用。不甘落后的法国地理协会开始为成立法盟做准备。与此同时，法国刚刚征服了突尼斯，急需在该地区推广法语。在这种条件下，法盟应运而生。法盟面向不同政见、不同信仰的各阶层人士。其中，政治人士和教师共同构成了其主力军，，它还得到了外交部和公共教育部的支持。在巴黎，法盟选举了五十人委员会，设立了常驻办公室负责日常事务。皮埃尔·冯森（Pierre Foncin）长期为法盟服务，曾先后担任过秘书长和主席两个职位，是一位对其政策制定有深远影响的人物。在法国境内，法盟成立了宣传委员会，为对外开展工作募集资金来源；在国外，各地的行动委员会开设免费课程、建立图书馆、举行讲座，还向开设法语课程的学校发放补助。为了培训法语教师，法盟还邀请优秀的学员到巴黎参加“假期课程”。有效的组织形式和方法使得法盟的影响日益扩大，很快发展成了一个世界性的组织。它的重点区域从地中海、殖民地逐渐扩展到欧洲和美洲。但是法盟在发展过程中也遇到了一些问题和外部竞争。资金不足、人员老化、定位错误等在一定程度上阻挠了它的发展。在外部，德国、意大利及英语国家在推广语言方面也在努力，在一些地区，如中东、南美洲等地同法国竞争激烈。
[Abstract]:Founded in 1883, the main purpose of the French Union is to "spread French in colonies and abroad." Its establishment and development are closely related to the specific historical and cultural conditions of the third Republic. After the defeat of the French-Prussian War in 1870, the third Republic was founded. On the one hand, they established the colonial empire of France through colonial expansion, on the other hand, they encouraged various groups to spread French culture. New Republicans, such as Gambetta Gombetta and Feri Ferryn, preach that France is a highly civilized country with a responsibility to help underdeveloped nations evolve. They hope to assimilate the colonial people through cultural infiltration and ease the antagonism between the two sides. Within France, however, geographical associations and commercial geographical associations have flourished, advocating the development of geography as a subject serving French external expansion. In 1881, the German Geography Society established the German Teaching Association. Dedicated to maintaining and promoting the use of German. The backwardness of the French Geography Association began to prepare for the formation of the French Union. At the same time, France has just conquered Tunisia, the urgent need to promote French in the region. Under such conditions, the French Union came into being. The French Union is open to people of different political views and different faiths. Among them, politicians and teachers together constitute its main force, it is also supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Public Education. In Paris, the French League elected a 50-member committee and set up a resident office to handle daily affairs. Pierre Foncinn, who has served the French Union for a long time, has served as secretary-general and chairman, and is a man with a profound influence on its policy making. In France, it has set up advocacy committees to raise funds for its work abroad; abroad, local action committees offer free courses, libraries, lectures and grants to schools offering French language courses. In order to train French teachers, the League also invited excellent students to Paris for the Holiday course. The effective form and method of organization make the influence of the League expand day by day, and develop into a world organization quickly. Its main areas from the Mediterranean Sea, colonies gradually extended to Europe and the Americas. However, the French Union also encountered some problems and external competition in the process of development. Lack of funds, aging personnel, positioning errors and so on to some extent hindered its development. Externally, Germany, Italy and English-speaking countries are also trying to promote the language, in some regions, such as the Middle East, South America and other places fierce competition with France.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H32;K565.4

【相似文献】