骑士身份与职能——十到十三世纪英国骑士社会角色的转变

发布时间：2018-06-17 08:45

本文选题：英国骑士 + 军役　；参考：《天津师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在十二世纪以前的“英国骑士”,是一个包含着各种经济地位成员,仅以“服役”为特点的一个松散群体,“骑士”这一称呼偏重强调的是这一群体的功用,即从军服役,而非强调社会地位的认同。被称为“骑士”的人之间,没有共同的经济收入方式,没有共同的生活方式,没有共同的思想文化认同,没有共同的社会利益与诉求……因此这个时代的骑士还谈不上成为一个社会阶层或等级。十三世纪时,封建庄园经济的解体,货币、物价的冲击,导致以小块土地地租为生的骑士阶层从经济上陷入困境。而骑士精神、骑士制度的兴起,带动骑士生活方式、礼节仪式的改变,增加了骑士的受封、生活的成本。这两者恰于十二、十三世纪之交在英国相遇,迫使贫穷化的小土地占有骑士不得不放弃日渐高贵的骑士身份。短短几十年内,英国骑士的规模缩水到可能不到十二世纪前半叶的一半,曾在过去的两个世纪中保持很大规模,占有小块土地的受封骑士几乎消失,依靠权贵豢养的家内骑士也被扈从、维兰身份的家臣取代,仅有原来获地丰厚或是与权贵领主关系密切的骑士幸免。这些剩下的骑士,经济状况较好,在地方有一定影响力,往往被认作“更具法律价值骑士”,由于自亨利二世推行普通法以来,参与地方管理机构的运行,这些人具备一定的文化基础,有较高的道德修养。现在又融入了骑士精神,逐渐成为在地方有名望,参与自治管理,有自己文化意识形态的精英阶层。
[Abstract]:Before the twelfth century, the "English knight" was a loose group characterized only by "service", which included members of various economic status. The term "knight" emphasized the function of this group, that is, military service. Rather than emphasizing social identity. There is no common economic income, no common way of life, no common ideological and cultural identity, no common social interests and demands among the people called "knights". So the knights of this age are not yet a social class or class. In the thirteenth century, the collapse of feudal manor economy and the impact of money and prices led to the economic difficulties of the knights who lived on small plots of land. However, chivalry, the rise of chivalry system, the change of life style and ritual, increase the cost of knighthood. The two met in England at the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, forcing the impoverished land-occupying knight to give up his growing knighthood. In just a few decades, the size of British knights has shrunk to less than half the size of the first half of the twelfth century. Family knights who depend on the rich and powerful are also subservient, vicariously replaced by the courtiers, and only the knights who have been rich or have close ties with the powerful lords have been spared. The remaining knights, financially sound and influential in the region, were often considered "knights of greater legal value", as a result of their participation in the operation of local governing bodies since the introduction of the common law by Henry II. These people have certain cultural foundation, have higher moral accomplishment. Now, with chivalry, it has gradually become an elite class with local fame, autonomous management and its own cultural ideology.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561.3

【共引文献】