论捷克和斯洛伐克分裂的民族因素

发布时间：2018-06-17 09:22

本文选题：民族 + 民族矛盾　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1993年1月1日，原捷克和斯洛伐克共和国正式分裂为两个独立国家，即捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国。原捷克和斯洛伐克共和国位于欧洲中心，具有重要的政治、经济、军事地位，在二战和冷战时期，美国和苏联都试图控制这一地区。捷克族和斯洛伐克族由于地缘相近，又都属于斯拉夫人，所以语言、文化比较接近，，历史境遇也相似。捷克和斯洛伐克的分裂引起了欧洲，乃至全世界的关注，此举一度成为国际焦点。捷克和斯洛伐克的分裂是多种因素综合造成的，但最主要的是捷克族和斯洛伐克族之间的民族矛盾以及捷克斯洛伐克共产党共在处理民族问题时的政策失误造成的。捷、斯两族的矛盾源于历史上长期分离所产生的民族差异；二战以后，由于“苏联模式”的影响，捷克斯洛伐克政府没能有效的消除两族之间的不平等状况；两族在国体问题上由于苏联的介入变得更加复杂，两族矛盾进一步升级；东欧剧变后激化的经济改革加剧了两个民族地区经济的不平等，政治上的多元化又为捷克斯洛伐克民族主义的复兴提供了契机。在这些综合因素的推动下，捷克斯洛伐克的解体进程加快，最终于1993年1月1日，正式解体为捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国。本文就捷克斯洛伐克解体的民族因素作一论述，探讨民族问题在捷、斯两族分裂过程中所起到的影响。
[Abstract]:On January 1, 1993, the former Czech and Slovak Republic formally divided into two independent states, namely the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The former Czech and Slovak republics, located in the heart of Europe, had important political, economic and military positions, and both the United States and the Soviet Union tried to take control of the region during World War II and the Cold War. Because of their geographical proximity and Slavic origin, the Czech and Slovak peoples share similar language and culture, as well as similar historical circumstances. The split between the Czech Republic and Slovakia attracted attention in Europe and around the world, a move that was once the focus of international attention. The split between Czechoslovakia and Slovakia is caused by a combination of many factors, but the most important is the ethnic contradiction between the Czech and Slovak ethnic groups and the policy mistakes of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in dealing with ethnic issues. The contradiction between Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovakia originated from the ethnic differences caused by the long separation in history. After World War II, the Czechoslovak government failed to eliminate the inequality between the two communities because of the influence of the "Soviet model". The conflicts between the two communities have been further escalated as a result of the involvement of the Soviet Union in the national system; the economic reforms intensified after the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe have exacerbated the economic inequality between the two ethnic regions. Political pluralism provided an opportunity for the revival of Czechoslovak nationalism. Driven by these combined factors, the dissolution of Czechoslovakia was accelerated, culminating in the formal dissolution of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic on January 1, 1993. This paper discusses the national factors of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia and discusses the influence of ethnic problems on the split between Czech and Sri Lanka.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K524;K525

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