维希政府对犹太人的迫害及原因探析

发布时间：2018-06-17 10:50

本文选题：维希政府 + 犹太人　；参考：《华南师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 第二次世界大战期间，欧洲的犹太人遭到了残酷的迫害，近六百万犹太人死于这场灭绝人性的种族大屠杀。国内学者对大屠杀的研究主要集中于德国对犹太人的迫害和屠杀，较少关注维希政府对犹太人的迫害。法国是世界上第一个以法律形式解放犹太人的国家，何以维希政府会对犹太人进行迫害呢?本文在论述了维希政府如何对犹太人进行迫害的同时，又从历史和现实两个方面探讨了维希政府迫害犹太人的原因。维希政府的当权使政府成为反犹运动的主导。维希政府对犹太人的迫害分前后两个时期，前期主要是从公共领域清除犹太人对法国社会的影响；后期针对犹太人的迫害升级，维希政府不仅大规模地围捕犹太人，并且把犹太人送至奥斯维辛。法国历来存在反犹传统。旧制度时期，法国就多次出现以宗教迫害为主要形式的反犹运动。大革命之后，犹太人虽然被赋予平等的公民权，但仍然没有摆脱受歧视的地位。第三共和国末期，沉寂多年的反犹思潮在法国悄然兴起，德雷福斯事件使这一时期的反犹运动达到高潮。维希政府对犹太人进行迫害更多的是考虑现实因素。为了制造民选政府的假象，维希政府希望得到民众的支持。饱受战败之苦的法国民众把战争、战败的原因都推到犹太人身上，支持政府前期的反犹政策。维希政府为了从德国手中获得更多的主权，积极主动地推行反犹政策。总之，第二次世界大战期间，欧洲的许多国家都参与了对犹太人的迫害，暴露了西方民主及人道主义的虚伪性。通过剖析维希政府对犹太人的迫害，一方面再现历史、认清维希政府的真实面目，，一方面警醒世人、避免悲剧重演。
[Abstract]:During World War II, Jews in Europe were brutally persecuted, and nearly 6 million Jews died in the inhuman genocide. The study of Holocaust mainly focuses on the persecution and massacre of Jews in Germany, and less on the persecution of Jews by Vichy government. France was the first country in the world to liberate Jews by law. Why would the Vichy government persecute the Jews? This paper discusses how the Vichy government persecuts Jews, and probes into the causes of the persecution of Jews by Vichy government from two aspects of history and reality. The Vichy government made it the dominant anti-Semitic movement. The persecution of Jews by Vichy government was divided into two periods, in which the influence of Jews on French society was cleared from the public domain in the early stage, and the persecution against Jews escalated in the later period, and the Vichy government not only rounded up Jews on a large scale. And sent the Jews to Auschwitz. There has always been an anti-Semitic tradition in France. During the period of the old system, the anti-Semitic movement, mainly in the form of religious persecution, appeared many times in France. After the Revolution, Jews were granted equal citizenship, but still remained discriminated against. At the end of the third Republic, the anti-Semitic trend which had been silent for many years rose quietly in France, and the Dreyfus event brought the anti-Semitic movement to its climax. The persecution of Jews by the Vichy government is more realistic. To create the illusion of an elected government, the Vichy government wants popular support. The defeated French blamed the war on Jews and supported the government's earlier anti-Semitic policies. In order to gain more sovereignty from Germany, Vichy government proactively pursued anti-Semitism policy. In short, during World War II, many countries in Europe were involved in the persecution of Jews, exposing the hypocrisy of Western democracy and humanitarianism. Through the analysis of the persecution of Jews by the Vichy government, on the one hand, the history is reappeared, the true face of the Vichy government is recognized, on the other hand, the world is alerted and the tragedy is avoided.
【学位授予单位】：华南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K565.46

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