乌尔第三王朝狗牧的档案重建

发布时间：2018-06-17 13:38

本文选题：乌尔第三王朝 + 贡牲中心　；参考：《东北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 乌尔第三王朝第二任国王舒勒吉(?ulgi)在其统治的第三十八年建立了一个大型的贡牲中心—普兹瑞什达干司(é-Puzrish-Dagan),其遗址位于现代伊拉克的德莱海姆(Drehem)。此中心建立的原因是乌尔王权日益强大,各地向国王进贡的牲畜日益增多,王室和各地总督经常向各种神明奉献牺牲;同时,宫廷和其他王室官员以及士兵食用也需要大量的牲畜。上述种种,需要一个专门的机构来负责收支。普兹瑞什达干靠近供奉众神之王恩利勒的尼普尔城和众神之后宁利勒的图马勒庙区,因此被选为中心的所在地。普兹瑞什达干司是古代两河流域影响深远的贡牲中心,在乌尔第三王朝的经济管理体系中占有十分重要地位。这里出土的文献是研究古代两河流域行政管理、农业经济、宗教、外交等各方面历史的重要史料。然而这些文件出土后流散到不同的收藏地并被零散地发表,从而使得国际学术界缺乏对贡牲中心的系统的和全貌性的了解。东北师范大学的“贡牲中心档案重建工程”(“Drehem Project”)的目标正是重建贡牲中心散失的各个官员的档案并给予基础性的研究,为学术界研究这一时期的政治和经济提供必不可少的具有相当可信度的文献资料。本文即为这一宏大工程的一部分。本文试图重建了乌尔第三王朝狗牧官员的工作档案,包括德莱海姆地区的普兹瑞什达干司狗牧档案100个和吉尔苏城使者供给文献93个。通过研究、分析本文收集到的普兹瑞什达干司狗牧文献,我们可以清楚的将贡牲中心的狗牧文献分为三个时期:第一个时期为舒勒吉时期:这一时期出现了一位重要的狗牧-伊隆巴尼(狗牧乌尔尼旮尔只出现过一次),这一时期狗牧文献的显著特点是,其内容一部分是对乌尔城中的巫医女神古拉神提供月供应以及对神庙内的古拉女神宠物犬提供月供给,这类文献占绝大部分。还有少部分文献是记录为狗提供食用的死驴或者淘汰活驴的。从而我们猜测舒勒吉时期贡牲中心的狗分为两种:一种是从事宗教活动时使用,另一种是行军打仗或狩猎用。第二个时期为阿马尔辛—舒辛时期:这一时期的狗牧开始有了各自的统领,而但当统领职务的基本上是各城的将军。每个将军手下会有2到4个狗牧不等。到伊比辛时期,贡牲中心的经济文献明显减少,除了狗牧之外,还出现了一种叫“司狗尉”的职业,我们猜测由于国势颓废,经济衰退,贡牲中心机构简化,狗牧的职能渐渐淡化,所饲养的狗交由军队管治,所以出现了这一新职业。吉尔苏城的信使文献则主要是记录了信使或使节在出差途中,人(书吏、狗牧、男劳力、阿摩利女人等)和畜(狗、驴)口粮(面饼、啤酒、大麦、羊腿)的供应情况。本论文分前后两部分:第一部分简要介绍贡牲中心产生和意义,主要根据乌尔第三王朝各时期狗牧的工作经历及工作联系人对其职责进行归纳分析;第二部分按照时间顺序归纳整理排列乌尔第三王朝狗牧的原始文献(吉尔苏城文献时间部分破损严重,无法整理),并进行基础性的拉丁化及英文、中文翻译。
[Abstract]:Uhl, the second king of the Uhl Third Dynasty, Shulgi (? Ulgi) established a large tribute Center - -Puzrish-Dagan in thirty-eighth years of his rule, and its site was located in the Delay Haim (Drehem) of modern Iraq. The center was founded on the growing power of Uhl's power and the livestock day to the king. At the same time, the Royal and local governors often sacrifice sacrifices to various gods; at the same time, the court and other royal officials and the soldiers needed a large number of animals. All of these needed a special institution to take charge of the income and expenditure. The Le Temple District, which is chosen as the center of the center, is a tribute center of the ancient two river basins, which occupies a very important position in the economic management system of the Third Dynasty. The documents unearthed here are important for the study of the ancient two river basin administration, the agriculture economy, the religion, the diplomacy and other aspects. Historical materials. However, these documents are unearthed and scattered to different collections and are published scattered, making the international academic community lack of a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the tribute center. The goal of the "Drehem Project" of the Northeast Normal University is to reconstruct the various officials of the tribute center. The archives and the basic research to provide the academic circles with the political and Economic Research of the period of the period to provide quite credible literature. This is part of this grand project.
This article attempts to reconstruct the work files of the Third Dynasty dog pastoral officials of the urs, including 100 dog pastoral files and 93 documents supplied by Gil Sucheng envoy in the Draheim area. Three periods: the first period was the Shulgi period: this period appeared an important dog Pastoral - Elon Barney (the dog herd, urni canal only once appeared). The remarkable feature of the dog pastoral literature during this period was that part of the content was to provide monthly supply of the goddess of witch goddess in the city of URL and the goddess of the ancient La in the temple. Pet dogs provide most of the month's supply. There are a few documents that have been recorded for a dead donkey to be eaten by a dog or a live donkey. Therefore, we guess that the dogs of the Shulgi period were divided into two kinds: one was used in religious activities, the other was a line of war or hunting. The second period was Amar. In the period of Simon schecin, the dog pasturing of the period began to have its own command, but when the general was dominated by the general of the cities, 2 to 4 Dog pasturing men would be different. As a result of the decadence, the economic recession, the simplification of the animal husbandry center, the function of the dog pasture gradually desalinated and the dog bred by the army, this new occupation appeared. The letter of Gil Sucheng's messenger is mainly a record of the messenger or the envoy on the trip, and the people (books, dog, male, Amori, etc.) and the mouth of the animal (dog, donkey). Supply of grain (pancakes, beer, barley, sheep leg).
This thesis is divided into two parts: the first part briefly introduces the origin and significance of the tribute center, mainly according to the work experience of the dog animal husbandry in the period of URL's third Wang Zhaoge period and the analysis of the responsibilities of the working contacts; the second part summarizes and collates the original literature of the Third Dynasty dog animal husbandry in accordance with the order of time (when Gil Sucheng documents) Part of the damage is too serious to be sorted out, and carries out Basic Latin and English translation.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K37

【引证文献】