关于以色列纳粹大屠杀教育的研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 00:19

本文选题：以色列 + 大屠杀　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 大屠杀是现代人类社会发生的一次种族灭绝性质的屠杀性事件。它不仅是犹太民族历史上的惨痛记忆,更是人类共有的历史遗产。随着战后人类社会对大屠杀的深刻反思,欧美及以色列等国家开始将大屠杀教育纳入国民教育中。早期以色列社会因大量大屠杀幸存者的存在而处于大屠杀的环境记忆中,大屠杀教育很大程度上被故意边缘化了。早期以色列大屠杀教育相对弱化大屠杀内容而强调英雄主义价值观,同时还体现出明显的锡安主义特征。这一情况主要是当时以色列政府基于国家和民族需要做出的政策选择造成的。1961年的艾希曼审判对以色列社会产生了很大的冲击,并潜在地影响了以色列大屠杀教育的发展。 1977年利库德上台后,随着一系列相关法律和政策的出现,以色列大屠杀教育发生了很大的变化。这一变化有着以色列社会发展需要和中东持续冲突的背景,是随着环境记忆的自然消逝、民族融合问题的出现等情况得以进一步发展和深化的。目前,以色列已经形成以亚德瓦谢姆大屠杀纪念馆为中心的全国大屠杀教育网络。以色列法定的、深刻的大屠杀教育也已在以色列形成全民的大屠杀记忆,并通过强调大屠杀的独特性、民族性以及建立与锡安主义的联系来树立以色列人对国家和民族的认同。而以色列大屠杀教育的国际影响,在推动大屠杀记忆全人类共有的同时,也为以色列的发展创造了良好的国际环境。目前,以色列国内修正主义历史课本的出现,后锡安主义思潮以及国内外否定大屠杀言论都对以色列大屠杀教育的进一步发展造成了一定的冲击。然而,随着世界新一轮反犹主义等问题的出现,以色列大屠杀教育仍将继续被强化。但其发展很大程度上仍受到国内外政治环境,特别是中东持续冲突的影响。本文认为,某种程度上,以色列功利性地利用了大屠杀教育。其次,以色列对大屠杀排他性地运用有将大屠杀私有化的趋势,并促使以色列形成一种病态的以自我为中心的民族主义倾向,而以色列的国家行为也与大屠杀教育意义形成对立。最后,以色列大屠杀教育在很大程度上形成了以色列人的“马萨达情结”,而这对中东和平进程,乃至国际政治环境都造成了不良的影响。借鉴以色列大屠杀教育的经验,中国需要进一步深化对相关战争历史的认识,并进行相关的法制建设和教育网络建设,深入开展相关的学术研究,以丰富多样的教育内容和形式推进中国相关教育的发展和深化。同时,注意正确培育民族主义热情,在扩大这一战争历史记忆国际影响的基础上,为中国的发展和世界的长久和平贡献力量。大屠杀是个悲剧,我们仍需要进一步反思和深化对大屠杀的认识。人类社会的和平和发展需要从大屠杀中汲取教训。大屠杀教育告诉人类最重要的两点是:爱好和平和尊重差异性。记取大屠杀,不仅要防止类似悲剧的重演,更是要让人类生活在一个和平、平等的新地球上!
[Abstract]:The massacre is a genocidal massacre in modern human society. It is not only a painful memory in the history of the Jewish nation, but also a common historical heritage of human beings. With the profound reflection on the massacre in the post-war human society, the Holocaust education has been brought into the national education by the European and American and Israeli countries.
The early Israeli society was in the environmental memory of massacre for the existence of a large number of Holocaust survivors, and the Holocaust education was largely marginalized. The early Israeli massacre education was relatively weak in the massacre and emphasized heroism values, while also showing obvious Zionist features. This is a major situation. At that time, the Seaman trial of the Israeli government, based on the policy choices made by the national and national needs, had a great impact on the Israeli society in.1961 and had a potential impact on the development of the Israeli massacre education.
After the advent of Likud in 1977, with the emergence of a series of relevant laws and policies, the Israeli massacre education has changed greatly. This change has the background of the needs of the social development of Israel and the continuing conflict in the Middle East. With the natural fading of environmental memory and the emergence of the problem of national integration, the situation of the emergence of the problem of national integration has been further developed and deep. At present, Israel has formed a national massacre education network centered on the adewazham massacre. Israel's legal, profound Holocaust education has also formed a mass memory of the Holocaust in Israel, and is established by emphasizing the uniqueness of the massacre, ethnicity, and the establishment of a link with Zionism. The international impact of the Israeli massacre education, while promoting the Holocaust memory of all human beings, has created a good international environment for the development of Israel.
At present, the emergence of the Israeli revisionist historical textbooks, the post Zionism and the denial of the massacre at home and abroad have caused a certain impact on the further development of the Israeli massacre education. However, with the emergence of a new round of anti Semitism and other problems in the world, the Israeli massacre education will continue to be strengthened. To a great extent, development is still affected by the political environment at home and abroad, especially the continuing conflict in the Middle East. This article believes that, to a certain extent, Israel uses the massacre education utilitarianism. Secondly, Israel's use of the Holocaust to privatize the Holocaust in the Holocaust and to promote Israel to form a morbid state of self. In the end, the Israeli massacre education, to a large extent, formed the "Masada complex" of the Israelites, which had a bad influence on the Middle East peace process and even the international political environment.
Drawing on the experience of the Israeli massacre education, China needs to further deepen the understanding of the history of the related war, carry out relevant legal construction and educational network construction, carry out relevant academic research in depth, and promote the development and deepening of related education in China by enriching various educational contents and forms. At the same time, we should pay attention to the correct cultivation of the nation. The enthusiasm of ISM has contributed to the development of China and the long-term peace of the world on the basis of expanding the international influence of this war's historical memory.
The massacre is a tragedy, and we still need to further reflect and deepen our understanding of the Holocaust. The peace and development of human society need to draw lessons from the Holocaust. The most important two points of the Holocaust education are: peace loving and respect for differences. The Holocaust is not only to prevent similar tragedies, but also to let human beings Live on a new earth of peace and equality!
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K382.52

【引证文献】