法国卡佩王朝邑督制研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 20:50

本文选题：法国 + 卡佩王朝　；参考：《天津师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：11世纪以后,法国国内社会经济快速发展,特别是城市的兴起与城市的自治运动都极大的冲击了封建采邑制。随之而来的是法国社会内部社会结构的演变,市民的力量开始崛起,地方领地的势力受到削弱。至此同时,卡佩家族开始了大规模的王室领地的扩张运动,王权不断地上升。 1190年菲力·奥古斯都颁布一系列法令,在此基础上邑督制在王室领地内开始确立。经过邑督称谓的统一和邑督区的建立,邑督制逐渐变的完善起来。国王在原有的王室领地和新收回的领地上设立邑督,利用他们来维护领地的统一。邑督拥有行政监督权、司法审判权和财政权三项基本政治职能,他们从国王那领有薪俸,不再获得领地。国王对他们进行任命、监督、调动或撤职。早期国王经常从原有领地任命那些贵族为邑督,不过随着罗马法的复兴和大学教育的兴盛,接受法学教育的专门人才越来越多的被国王任命为邑督。邑督制有助于三级会议和王国机构的设立,邑督的职能则逐渐的被兴起的官吏阶层所取代。邑督制一方面有助于国王增强集权性统治,另一方面也促进了官吏阶层的出现与发展。然而,邑督制仍具有局限性,它依然是封建制度的产物。
[Abstract]:After the 11th century, the rapid development of social economy in France, especially the rise of the city and the city autonomy movement have greatly impacted the feudal fief system. Then came the evolution of the internal social structure of French society, the rise of civic power and the weakening of local territory. At the same time, the Capei family began a massive expansion of royal territory, and Wang Quan continued to rise. In 1190, Felix Augustus issued a series of decrees, and on this basis, the governor began to establish in the royal territory. Through the unification of the title of the governor and the establishment of the district, the system of the governor was gradually improved. The king established governors on the original and newly recovered territories, using them to preserve the unity of the territory. The governor had three basic political functions: administrative supervision, judicial jurisdiction, and fiscal power. They received salaries from the king and no longer acquired territory. The king appointed, supervised, transferred or dismissed them. Early kings often appointed aristocrats as governors from their original territories, but with the revival of Roman law and the prosperity of university education, more and more law education specialists were appointed by the king. The governor system was helpful to the establishment of the three-level council and the establishment of the kingdom, and the functions of the governor were gradually replaced by the rise of the official class. On the one hand, the governor system helps the king to strengthen the centralized rule, on the other hand, it also promotes the emergence and development of the official class. However, the city governor system still has its limitations, it is still the product of the feudal system.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D756.5;K565

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