斯大林国际政治观和苏德关系（1938，10-1941，6）

发布时间：2018-06-20 00:22

本文选题：苏联对德国政策 + 判断　；参考：《华中师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 经历了慕尼黑反思的苏联领导人,根据其国际政治观对时局做出的判断,在不放弃集体安全时,也在思索对德中立自保的可能。这种思考反映在1939年苏共18大上斯大林的阐述和5月外交人民委员的换马上。在二战前的大三角格局中,苏联实施集体安全和对德中立自保并行的双规政策,对德国和英法的意图都进行试探。终于在8月底苏联领导人做出最终抉择,通过与德国签约得以暂时远离战争。波兰战争期间,受其战争观影响的苏联领导人,力图和战争拉开距离,并想选择合适时机介入战争,同时也借助外交和战争的手段实现有利苏联安全的调整。所以在与德国签署边界友好条约后,苏联对德国所发动的和平攻势和战略西转都抱着支持的态度,当然与德国的合作中,心存防范的苏联也在经济和外交上为将来的苏德战争做准备。尽管对西线战争的判断失误使苏联领导人深感震惊,觉得战争的威胁加大了,但仍然没有改变斯大林对苏德战争的预期,甚至他还设想英国的不屈及德国继续深陷西线能使苏联放手在西部继续构建安全体系。但他的这种想法与希特勒发生了激烈的矛盾,希特勒出于对苏战争的考虑决定更深的介入苏联的西部边界各国。柏林会谈后,由于对希特勒战略意图的矛盾判断,苏联在通过对德国缓和以图新合作的同时,也在加紧应战准备。但由于斯大林预期两制战争将不早于1942年爆发,结果是和平并未如期而至,战争却突然降临。
[Abstract]:The Soviet leaders, who had experienced Munich's introspection, judged the current situation on the basis of their international political views, and were pondering the possibility of self-preservation of Germany's neutrality while not giving up collective security. This thinking was reflected in the exposition of Stalin on the 18 th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party in 1939 and the replacement of the diplomatic people's Committee in May. In the Great Triangle pattern before World War II, the Soviet Union carried out the dual policy of collective security and neutral self-protection to Germany and tried out the intentions of Germany and Britain and France. At the end of August, the Soviet leader made the final decision to stay away from the war by signing a contract with Germany. During the Polish War, the Soviet leaders who were influenced by their view of war tried to distance themselves from the war, and wanted to choose the right time to intervene in the war, and at the same time to realize the adjustment beneficial to the security of the Soviet Union by means of diplomacy and war. Therefore, after signing the Treaty of Border Friendship with Germany, the Soviet Union adopted a supportive attitude towards Germany's peace offensive and strategic westward turn. Of course, in its cooperation with Germany, The defenseless Soviet Union also prepared itself economically and diplomatically for the future Soviet-German war. Although the misjudgment of the Western Front war deeply shocked the Soviet leaders and felt that the threat of the war had increased, it still did not change Stalin's expectations of the Soviet-German war. Even he envisioned that Britain's unyielding and Germany's continued involvement in the west would allow the Soviet Union to continue to build security systems in the west. But there was a sharp contradiction between his idea and Hitler, who decided to intervene more deeply in the western border countries of the Soviet Union for the sake of the Soviet war. After the Berlin talks, because of the contradictory judgment of Hitler's strategic intention, the Soviet Union, while trying to ease Israel's new cooperation with Germany, was also stepping up its preparations for war. But because Stalin expected the two wars to break out no earlier than 1942, the result was that peace did not come as expected, and the war came suddenly.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512.5

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