学术研究泛智库化之后果:作为国际政治学的美国“苏联学”

发布时间：2018-06-20 07:46

本文选题：苏联学 + 智库分析　；参考：《社会科学战线》2014年04期

【摘要】：苏联解体产生的巨大效应,不仅改变了其存在状态及其与世界的关系,也深刻影响了西方尤其是美国对俄国的认知方式。冷战时代,西方为了遏制苏俄及其社会主义阵营,在智库、情报部门和学界合作下,改变了欧洲有百余年历史的传统学科"斯拉夫学研究(Slavic studies)",孕育出超级学科"苏联学(Sovietology)"。而美国关于苏联的认知和战略,主要就是仰赖于智库分析和情报识别的苏联学。这样的苏联学,无论是对苏联及其社会主义制度、政治运作、计划经济实施、文化活动开展、对外关系等研究立足点,还是具体分析模式、范式选择,乃美国遏制苏联的冷战意识形态行为,而非客观、中立的学术研究,结果导致1991年底苏联解体不仅之于国际社会太突然,对致力于冷战的苏联学也是始料未及的。随着研究对象的逝去,苏联学研究模式自然难以为继。由此,在后冷战时代如何重新评估苏联学,以便更有效且深入地研究俄罗斯问题,成为美国斯拉夫学界面对的难题。
[Abstract]:The great effect of the disintegration of the Soviet Union not only changed its state of existence and its relationship with the world, but also profoundly affected the way the West, especially the United States, perceived Russia. In the Cold War era, in order to contain Soviet Russia and its socialist camp, the West, with the cooperation of think-tanks, intelligence agencies and academic circles, changed the traditional subject "Slavic studies", which has a history of more than 100 years in Europe, and gave birth to the super-discipline" Sovietology ". American cognition and strategy about Soviet Union mainly rely on Sovietology of intelligence analysis and intelligence recognition. This kind of Soviet studies, whether it is about the Soviet Union and its socialist system, political operation, the implementation of planned economy, the development of cultural activities, foreign relations and other research footholds, or the specific analysis model, paradigm choice, It was the United States that contained the ideological behavior of the Soviet Union in the Cold War, rather than objective and neutral academic research, which led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, not only because the international community was too sudden, but also as a result of the Soviet Union's commitment to the cold war. With the passing of the object of study, the Soviet research model is naturally unsustainable. Therefore, how to re-evaluate Soviet studies in the post-Cold War era in order to study Russia more effectively and deeply has become a difficult problem for Slavic scholars in the United States.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：D871.2;K712;K512

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