丘吉尔反苏思想根源探析

发布时间：2018-06-21 05:30

本文选题：现代英国 + 丘吉尔　；参考：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 英国前首相温斯顿·丘吉尔(1874——1965年)是反对苏式共产主义的急先锋。关于其反苏思想,国内学界长期沿袭前苏联的理论和观点,简单地归为资产阶级的意识形态,缺乏进一步地挖掘。而笔者认为,从长期的历史发展来看,丘吉尔反苏的思想认识,在不排除阶级立场的前提下,很大程度上体现了英苏两民族迥异的民族传统、民族特性的差异。本文即是依据这一思路,对丘吉尔的反苏思想及根源进行了新的探析。除引言和结语外,本文分为三个部分: 第一部分从丘吉尔反苏的政策思想层面进行探讨。丘吉尔一生出现过两次反苏反共的高潮,都是在两次世界大战刚结束时。本部分即从一战时的干涉政策以及遏苏思想的演变这两方面展开具体论析。丘吉尔把干涉分为两个阶段,前期他强调战争的需要,后期又强调道义因素,他自己的作为则是职责所系。而他的遏苏思想在干涉时已初露端倪,当时表现为防疫线思想、英法德和英美日合作思想、经济渗透思想等,经过暂时调整,二战后迅速恢复,最终促成了“冷战”。第二部分从意识形态方面来考察。“英国意识”是丘吉尔反苏的思想根源,其主要由三点构成:根深蒂固的保守主义思想,自由民主的理念以及对和平变革道路的赞赏。除对“英国意识”的构成作具体探析外,还对其形成和渊源进行探讨。家庭与时代环境的塑造,加之丘吉尔不懈地刻苦攻读及广泛的社会实践,逐渐形成了丘吉尔的“英国意识”。这一思想意识主要是对英国传统思想的继承。事实上,丘吉尔与布尔什维克的思想意识、行为方式,都不能摆脱各自民族传统、民族特性的窠臼。布尔什维克宣扬的暴力革命、武装起义以及新的专政理论无疑适应俄国的国情,符合俄国的传统及民族性,不过,这些却是丘吉尔不可能认同的。同时,丘吉尔作为一名特殊的观察者,他的对苏认识正好反映了十月革命后布尔什维克政权日益传统化的过程,也体现了英俄两民族民族特性、民族传统的差异。这即为第三部分要考察的内容。
[Abstract]:Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1874-1965) was a vanguard against Soviet communism. About its anti-Soviet thought, the domestic academic circles have followed the theory and view of the former Soviet Union for a long time, which is simply classified as bourgeois ideology, and lacks further excavation. The author believes that from the long-term historical development, Churchill's anti-Soviet ideological understanding, on the premise of not excluding the class position, to a great extent reflects the differences of the national traditions and national characteristics of the two nationalities. According to this idea, this paper makes a new analysis of Churchill's anti-Soviet thought and its roots. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three parts: the first part discusses Churchill's anti-Soviet policy. Churchill had two anti-Soviet and anti-Communist climaxes in his life, both at the end of two world wars. This part is from the intervention policy during World War I and the evolution of Soviet thought. Churchill divided intervention into two stages, emphasizing the need for war in the early stage, the moral element in the later, and his duty in his own actions. However, his thought of suppressing the Soviet Union had begun to emerge when he intervened. At that time, his thoughts on epidemic prevention lines, the cooperation between Britain, France, Germany and Britain, Britain, America and Japan, and the thought of economic infiltration, were temporarily adjusted, and recovered rapidly after World War II, which eventually contributed to the "Cold War." The second part examines from the aspect of ideology. British consciousness is the root of Churchill's anti-Soviet ideology, which consists of three main elements: deep-rooted conservatism, liberal democracy and appreciation of the path of peaceful change. Besides the concrete analysis of the constitution of British consciousness, the formation and origin of British consciousness are also discussed. The shaping of family and time environment, and Churchill's unremitting study and extensive social practice, gradually formed Churchill's "British consciousness". This ideological consciousness is mainly the inheritance of the British traditional thought. In fact, Churchill and Bolshevik's ideology and behavior can not get rid of their national traditions and characteristics. The violent revolution, armed insurrection and the new dictatorship theory advocated by the Bolsheviks were undoubtedly adapted to the conditions of Russia, in accordance with Russian tradition and nationality, but Churchill could not agree with them. At the same time, Churchill as a special observer, his understanding of the Soviet Union just reflected the Bolshevik regime after the October Revolution increasingly traditional process, but also reflected the characteristics of Britain and Russia, the differences of national traditions. This is the third part to examine the content.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K561.5

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