洛克菲勒基金会对黑非洲农业援助研究（1952-1972年）

发布时间：2018-06-23 04:56

本文选题：洛克菲勒基金会 + 黑非洲　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：洛克菲勒基金会作为独立于政府和企业之外的民间组织,自成立以来,其本着“为全人类谋福利”的宗旨,为世界一些地区的发展做了不少工作。自20世纪50年代早期开始,洛克菲勒基金会通过拨款和派遣科研专家等形式,为黑非洲的农作物品种改良、畜禽疾病防治和农业技术人才培养付出了很大努力,也取得了一定成效,推动了黑非洲现代化的起步。但由于黑非洲地区经济基础极为薄弱、当地政府决策失误与重视不够,再加上基金会本身活动的局限性等因素的存在,洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业项目可能不如它的墨西哥计划和印度计划那样效果明显。本文拟从洛克菲勒基金会作为在当今世界影响日益深远的国际非政府组织的视角入手,首先概述基金会的发迹史及其海外活动情况,再以1952-1972年期间基金会在肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、乌干达和尼日利亚等黑非洲主要国家开展的农业项目为对象,进行深入、细致的剖析,力求对其合作项目作出客观评价,同时试图阐述黑非洲农业的发展困境与基金会活动的有效性之间的关系以及美国对非政策与基金会农业合作项目的关系。笔者不揣浅陋,对该问题加以粗略梳理与探析,还望学界明达多多指教。论文正文分四章,第一章介绍了洛克菲勒家族的崛起、洛克菲勒基金会的创建,简要概述了洛克菲勒基金会在亚非拉等欠发达地区的活动经历,并分析了其海外农业项目的成就及不足。它为解决亚非拉地区的粮食短缺问题做出了一定贡献,但实际活动中仍受制于复杂而且经常是不可预知的社会、经济与政治因素。第二章详细梳理了洛克菲勒基金会在黑非洲的农业合作活动。基金会不仅直接资助黑非洲地区的农作物品种改良和畜禽疾病防治工作,而且还援助国际农业研究院建设、重视非洲当地农业人才培养及农业高等教育发展。第三章是对洛克菲勒基金会扶持肯尼亚农业与教育发展进行的个案研究。基金会既为斯里巴农业学院和埃格顿农业学院提供了大批资助,又派出数位专家与肯尼亚本土人员合作开展小麦研究。第四章是本文的结论部分,不仅客观总结了洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业项目的优势与不足,并且指出了当今黑非洲农业发展的困境制约了基金会的活动进程。基金会的农业援助活动具有很大的开创性和风险性,既有利于新观念的普及,也推动了黑非洲本土农业技术人才的培养。但由于黑非洲地区经济基础极为薄弱、当地政府决策失误与重视不够,再加上基金会本身活动的局限性等因素的存在,所以其黑非洲农业活动效果并不是特别明显,而且其某些行为也具有自私倾向,屡遭诟病。余论部分简要分析了洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业项目与战后美国对非政策之间的关系。可以说,洛克菲勒基金会的黑非洲农业援助项目在大方向上与美国对非政策是一致的,但又不乏矛盾和距离。
[Abstract]:Since its establishment, the Rockefeller foundation, a civil organization independent of government and enterprises, has done a lot of work for the development of some regions in the world since its establishment. Since the early 1950s, the Rockefeller foundation has allocated funds and scientific research experts to serve as a farmer in black Africa. The improvement of crop varieties, the prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases and the cultivation of agricultural technical personnel have made great efforts and achieved some achievements, which have promoted the start of the modernization of black Africa. However, because of the weak economic base of the black African region, the lack of local government decision making and the lack of attention, and the limitations of the foundation's own activities, The Rockefeller Foundation's Black Africa agriculture project may not be as effective as its Mexico plan and India plan.
From the perspective of the Rockefeller foundation, which is an increasingly far-reaching international non-governmental organization in the world today, this paper first outlines the history of the foundation and its overseas activities, and then the agricultural projects in major black African countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Nigeria during the 1952-1972 years. In order to make a thorough and detailed analysis, we try to make an objective evaluation of its cooperative project, and try to explain the relationship between the development dilemma of agriculture in black Africa and the effectiveness of the foundation of the foundation, as well as the relationship between the non policy and the foundation for agricultural cooperation in the United States. It is also expected that the academic world is more enlighten.
The text of the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the rise of the Rockefeller family and the creation of the Rockefeller foundation, briefly outlines the activities of the Rockefeller foundation in the underdeveloped areas such as Asia and Africa, and analyses the achievements and shortcomings of its overseas agricultural projects. It has made some contributions to solve the problem of food shortage in the region of Asia and Africa. But actual activities are still constrained by complex and often unpredictable social, economic and political factors.
The second chapter deals with the agricultural cooperation activities of the Rockefeller foundation in black Africa in detail. The foundation not only directly subsidized the improvement of crop varieties in black Africa and the prevention and control of livestock and poultry disease, but also assisted the construction of the International Agricultural Research Institute, and attached great importance to the development of agricultural talents cultivation in Africa and the development of agricultural higher education.
The third chapter is a case study of the Rockefeller Foundation's support for the development of agriculture and education in Kenya. The foundation has provided a large amount of funding for the Academy of agriculture and the Agron Institute of agriculture, and also sent several experts to cooperate with local people in Kenya to carry out the research on wheat.
The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this article, which not only objectively summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the Rockefeller Foundation's black African agricultural project, but also points out that the dilemma of agricultural development in black Africa restricts the activities of the foundation. The fund's agricultural aid activities are very pioneering and risky, which are beneficial to the new concept. It has also promoted the cultivation of local agricultural technicians in black Africa, but because of the weak economic base of the black African region, the lack of local government decision making and the lack of attention, and the limitations of the foundation's own activities, the effect of the agricultural activities in black Africa is not particularly obvious, and some of its actions are also Selfish tendencies are repeatedly criticized.
The remaining part briefly analyzes the relationship between the Rockefeller Foundation's black African agricultural project and the post-war American policy. It can be said that the Rockefeller Foundation's black African agricultural aid project is in the same direction as the US policy in the big direction, but there is no lack of contradiction and departure.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K153;F34

【参考文献】